Overview (Verses 40 - 41)

The Best Choice for Believers

God then gives them an example of the history which they themselves had witnessed, showing them how He supported His Messenger and gave him a great victory without need for their support. After all, victory is granted by God to whom He pleases: If you do not help him [the Prophet]; God [will, as He] supported him at the time when the unbelievers drove him away. He was only one of two. When these two were alone in the cave, he said to his Companion: Do not grieve, for God is with us.’ Thereupon God bestowed on him the gift of inner peace, and sent to his aid forces which you did not see. He brought the word of the unbelievers utterly low, while the word of God remained supreme. God is Mighty, Wise. (Verse 40)

This is a reference to the time when the Quraysh had lost all patience with Muĥammad and his message. It is the same with every tyrannical authority when it loses patience with the message of the truth after it realizes that it cannot stifle or suppress it. They held their consultations and decided to assassinate Muĥammad. God then informed the Prophet of what the Quraysh had plotted and instructed him to leave. He set out of Makkah alone except for his trusted Companion, Abū Bakr. He had neither troops nor weapons with which to confront his numerous enemies. The odds were heavily against him.

The sūrah describes vividly the situation of the Prophet and his friend: “When these two were alone in the cave,” (Verse 40) with several bands of the Quraysh chasing them in all directions. Abū Bakr had no fear for his own life, but he feared for the Prophet. The pursuers were so close to them at one point that he said to the Prophet: “Should any one of them look down where he is standing, he would surely see us.” But the Prophet had all the calmness of the inner peace bestowed on him by God. He reassured his Companion, saying to him: “Abū Bakr, what do you think of two men who have God on their side?”

What was the result of this confrontation when all the material power was on one side while the Prophet and his Companion stood alone with no such power? A fantastic victory was granted, employing troops whom no human being could see. A humiliating defeat engulfed the unbelievers: “He brought the word of the unbelievers utterly low.” (Verse 40) God’s word remained mighty, victorious, supreme: “while the word of God remained supreme.” (Verse 40) God is certainly ‘Mighty” and those who advocate His cause will never be humiliated, and He is “Wise, “which means here that He determines when to grant victory to those who deserve it.

That confrontation was an example of God’s help to His Messenger and how His word remains supreme. God is certainly able to repeat such a victory at the hands of other people who do not cling heavily to the earth and who are not reluctant to fight for His cause. This is an example from the near history which the Muslims themselves had witnessed. Yet no evidence is needed when God has stated His word.

They are then called upon to mobilize their forces and not to allow any impediment to stand in their way. If they wish to attain what is best for them in this life as well as in the life to come, then they should not allow any factor to interfere with their response to such a call: Go forth, whether you be lightly or heavily armed, and strive in God’s cause with your wealth and your lives. This will be best for you if you but knew it. (Verse 41) They must march whatever the circumstances, and must strive hard, and be ready to sacrifice their wealth and their lives, seeking no excuses and allowing no impediments to stand in their way: “This will be best for you if you but knew it.” (Verse 41)

The sincere believers realized that this is best and they set forth on their campaign in support of God’s cause. All sorts of impediments stood in their way and they had no shortage of excuses if they wished to justify staying behind, but they sought none and marched on. Hence, God enabled them to liberate the hearts and minds of other communities and to liberate their lands as well. He allowed His word to triumph at their hands and enhanced their position by being its advocates. He thus enabled them to achieve miraculous victories, unparalleled in history.

Abū Ţalĥah, one of the Prophet’s Companions, after reading this verse, said to his sons: “I see that God has ordered us to go on jihād whether we are young or elderly. Prepare my equipment.” His sons protested: “You fought in all the battles with the Prophet until he passed away, and you fought with Abū Bakr until he died, then with `Umar until his death. Now let us fight do your behalf.” He refused and insisted on doing his share. He joined an expedition by sea, but soon he died. No island was near where he could be buried. His body remained in the boat for nine days without showing any change of colour. They then came to an island where he was buried.

Abū Rāshid al-Ĥarrānī reports: “I visited al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad, a great warrior and a Companion of the Prophet. I found him sitting on a wooden box, looking so thin, but he nevertheless wanted to join an army on an expedition. I said to him: `You are certainly excused by God.’ He said: `I have been reading this sūrah and read God’s order, Go forth, whether you be lightly or heavily armed, and strive in God’s cause with your wealth and your lives.’” (Verse 41)

Al-Ţabarī, the famous historian also reports on the authority of Ĥayyān ibn Zayd al-Shar`abī: “We went on a campaign with Şafwān ibn `Amr, the Governor of Hums, until we reached a place called al-Jarājimah when I saw a man looking very old with his eyebrows practically covering his eyes. He was from Damascus, riding his camel and taking part in the fight. I went to him and said, `Uncle, God has certainly excused those who are like you.’ He lifted his eyebrows and said: `Nephew, God has called upon us to go forth and strive in His cause, whether we be lightly or heavily armed. God will test a person whom He loves, and then He will let him live. God tests those of His servants who thank and praise Him and those who remain steadfast in adversity, as well as those who worship God alone.’”

It is with such a serious attitude to God’s words that Islam was able to march on in the land, carrying its message which sought to liberate mankind from submission to other creatures so that they would submit to God alone. The result was the greatest victories ever achieved in the history of mankind.