Surah Ghafir (The Forgiver) :
Translations
Pickthall
Yusuf Ali
Qur'an Dictionary
| Click word/image to view Qur'an Dictionary | ||
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| Word | Arabic word | |
| (40:1:1) |
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The مقطعات حروف Huruf Muqatta’at
The مقطعات حروف Huruf Muqatta’at "disjointed letters" are combinations of between one and five Arabic letters appearing at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 Surahs of the Quran (approximately 33% of Surahs). The letters are written together like a word, but each letter is pronounced separately. Some of these are a complete Ayat in it of themselves whilst others are part of a longer Ayat (some qurra number the endings of Ayat differently). There is only one instance, Surah 42: Shura (Ha Mim, Ayn Sin Qaf), where the disjointed letters are part of two separate Ayaat.
Meaning of the Muqatta’at
A group of scholars refrained from interpreting Ayaat which contain Huruf Muqatta’at and it was not narrated that the Prophet explained them. It is preferable to say Allah knows better about what they mean. However, it was narrated that some of the scholars, even amongst the Sahabah, did interpret them and they differed in their interpretation.
Some of the scholars who tried to discover the wisdom behind these letters said; these letters mentioned at the beginning of Surahs point to the miraculous nature of the Qur’an, and implies that all mankind is unable to match it, even though it is composed of the letters that they use in their daily speech.
Ibn Kathir writes, "The individual letters in the beginning of some Surahs are among those things whose knowledge Allah has kept only for Himself. This was reported from Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and Ibn Mas’ud. It was said that these letters are the names of some of the Surahs. The wisdom behind mentioning these letters in the beginning of the Surahs, regardless of the exact meanings of these letters, is that they testify to the miracle of the Qur'an. Indeed, the servants are unable to produce something like the Qur'an, although it is comprised of the same letters with which they speak to each other."
One of the benefits of these letters is a rhetorical benefit; O you disbelievers, how come you cannot come up with a similar Qur'an to this one? Aren't these the same letters you use in your daily speech? So why can't you produce a similar Qur'an if it is not from Allah?
We do not know their true meaning and this humbles mankind - people who recite letters in their daily speech but they do not have full knowledge of the meanings of all words. In Surah al Fatihah, we asked Allah to 'guide us to the upright path'. These letters show that we cannot be guided by our own will and we need Allah's help. The letters show that we cannot know and understand everything, so we should put more hope and reliance upon Allah. Allah lets us know that if you really want to get guidance from this Book - you will have to ask Allah to give you understanding of this religion, you cannot know it of your own accord. So an arrogant attitude will prevent you from true knowledge, and submission to Allah will open the doors for true understanding.
Analysis and Figures
There are 29 Surahs that have the Huruf Muqatta’at. These are:
1. Surah 2: al-Baqarah - Alif Lam Mim الم
2. Surah 3: ale-Imran - Alif Lam Mim الم
3. Surah 7: al-A'raf - Alif Lam Mim Sad المص
4. Surah 10: Yunus - Alif Lam Ra الر
5. Surah 11: Hūd - Alif Lam Ra الر
6. Surah 12: Yusuf - Alif Lam Ra الر
7. Surah 13: ar-Ra'd - Alif Lam Mim Ra المر
8. Surah 14: Ibrahim - Alif Lam Ra الر
9. Surah 15: al-Hijr - Alif Lam Ra الر
10. Surah 19: Maryam - Kaf Ha Ya Ain Sad كهيعص
11. Surah 20: Ta Ha - Ta Ha طه
12. Surah 26: ash-Shuʿara - Ta Sin Mim طسم
13. Surah 27: an-Naml - Ta Sin طس
14. Surah 28: al-Qasas - Ta-Sin Mim طسم
15. Surah 29: al-Ankabut - Alif Lam Mim الم
16. Surah 30: ar-Rum - Alif Lam Mim الم
17. Surah 31: Luqman - Alif Lam Mim الم
18. Surah 32: as-Sajdah - Alif Lam Mim الم
19. Surah 36: Ya Sin - Ya Sin يس
20. Surah 38: Saad - Saad ص
21. Surah 40: Ghafir - Ha Mim حم
22. Surah 41: Fussilat - Ha Mim حم
23. Surah 42: ash-Shura - Ha Mim; Ain Sin Qaf حم عسق
24. Surah 43: Az-Zukhruf Ha Mim حم
25. Surah 44: ad-Dukhan - Ha Mim حم
26. Surah 45: al-Jathiya Ḥā Mīm حم
27. Surah 46: al-AHqaf - Ha Mim حم
28. Surah 50: Qaf - Qaf ق
29.Surah 68: Al-Qalam - Nun ن
Four Surahs are named after their Muqatta'at letters, Surah Ta-Ha (20), Ya-Sin (36), Sad (38) and Qaf (50).
14, 14 and 14
Of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, exactly one half appear as Muqatta'at, either singly or in combinations of two, three, four or five letters. The most frequent are Alif Lam Mim and Ha Mim, occurring six times each.
The 14 letters that are used as Muqatta'at are; alif أ, ha هـ, Ha ح, ta ط, ya ي, kaf ك, lam ل, mim م, nun ن, sin س, ayn ع, saad ص, qaf ق, ra ر.
The 14 letters that are not used are; ba ب, ta ت, tha ث, jeem ج, kha خ, dal د, dhal ذ, zal ز, dzha ظ, dhad ض, ghayn غ, fa ف, sheen ش, waw و.
Interestingly, there is also a total combination of 14 patterns used;
1. Alif Lam Mim الم
2. Alif Lam Mim Sad المص
3. Alif Lam Ra الر
4. Alif Lam Mim Ra المر
5. Kaf Ha Ya Ain Sad كهيعص
6. Ta Ha طه
7. Ta Sin Mim طسم
8. Ta Sin طس
9. Ya Sin يس
10. Saad ص
11. Ha Mim حم
12. Ha Mim; Ain Sin Qaf حم عسق
13. Qaf ق
14. Nun ن
Combinations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 letters.
a. Three Surahs begin with only one letter:
(i) Surah 38: Sad with Sad
(ii) Surah 50: Qaf with Qaf
(iii) Surah 68: Qalam with Nun
b. The combination of two letters occurs in 10 Surahs:
Three of them occur only once each:
(i) Surah 20: Ta Ha has Ta Ha
(ii) Surah 27: al Naml has Ta Seen
(iii) Surah 36: Ya Sin has Ya Seen
Ha Meem occurs in seven consecutive Surahs from Surah 40 to Surah 46:
(i) Surah 40: Ghafir
(ii) Surah 41: Fussilat
(iii) Surah 42: ash-Shura
(iv) Surah 43: az-Zukhruf
(v) Surah 44: ad-Dukhan
(vi) Surah 45: al-Jathiyah
(vii) Surah 46:al-Ahqaf
c. There are three combinations of three letters each occurring in 14 Surahs.
Alif Laam Meem occurs in six Surahs
(i) Surah Al Baqarah 2
(ii) Surah Ali ‘Imran 3
(iii) Surah Al ‘Ankabut 29
(iv) Surah Al Rum 30
(v) Surah Luqman 31
(vi) Surah Al Sajdah 32
Alif Laam Ra occurs in six consecutive Surahs: Surah 10 to Surah 15:
(i) Surah Yunus 10
(ii) Surah Hud 11
(iii) Surah Yusuf 12
(iv) Surah Al Rad 13
(v) Surah Ibrahim 14
(vi) Surah Al Hijr 15
Ta Seen Meem occurs in two Surahs:
(i) Surah Al-Shura 26
(ii) Surah Al-Qasas 28
d. Combination of four letters occurs twice:
(i) Surah Aaraf 7: Alif Laam Meem Sad
(ii) Surah Ar-Ra`d 13: Alif Laam Meem Ra
e. Combination of five letters occurs twice:
(i) Surah Maryam 19 begins with Kaf Ha Ya Ayn Sad
(ii) Surah Al-Shura 42 begins with Ha Meem Ayn Seen Qaf
Some reflections on the Disjointed Letters - حروف مقطعات Huruf Muqatta’at
The human body is composed of various fundamental elements that are found in nature. Clay and dust are composed of the same fundamental elements. Yet it would be absurd to say that a human being is exactly the same as the dust. We can all have access to the elements that are found in the human body, and add a few gallons of water, which is the constitution of the human body. We know the elements in the human body and yet we are at a loss when asked the secret of life.
Similarly the Qur’an addresses those people who reject its Divine authority. It tells them that this Qur’an, is in your own language, and over which the Arabs took pride. It is composed of the same letters that the Arabs used to express themselves most eloquently. The Arabs were very proud of their language and Arabic was at its peak when the Qur’an was revealed. With the letters Alif Lam Mim, Ya Sin, Ha-Mim, etc., (in English we would say A, B, C, D) the Qur’an challenges mankind to produce a Surah similar to the Qur’an, in beauty, elegance, accuracy and truth, if they doubt its authenticity.
Initially, the Qur’an challenges all the men and jinn to produce a recital like the Qur’an and adds that they would not be able to do it even if they backed each other. This challenge is mentioned in Surah Isra (17:88) and in Surah Tur (52:34). Later the Qur’an repeats the challenge in Surah Hud (11:13) by saying produce ten Surahs like it and later in Surah Yunus (10:38) produce one surah like it and finally the easiest challenge is given in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:23).
"And if ye are in doubt as to what We have revealed from time to time to Our servant, then produce a Surah like thereunto; and call your witnesses or helpers (if there are any) besides Allah if your doubts are true. But if ye cannot – and of a surety ye cannot – then fear the fire whose fuel is men and stones – which is prepared for those who reject faith." (2:23-24).
The Arabs are noted for their rhetoric ability, eloquence and meaningful expression. Just as the constituents of the human body are known to us and can be obtained by us, the letters comprising the Qur’an, such as Alif Lam Mim are known to us, and used frequently to formulate words. Life cannot be created by us, even if we possess knowledge of the constituents of the human body. Similarly we cannot capture the same eloquence and beauty of expression, accuracy and truth that we find in the Qur’an, despite knowing the letters that constitute the Qu’ran. The Qur’an thus proves its Divine origin.
3. Surah Overview
There are clear indications in the subject matter of this Surah to the conditions in which it was revealed. The disbelievers of Makkah at that time were engaged in two kinds of the activities against the Prophet. First, they were creating suspicion and misgiving in the minds of the people about the teaching of the Qur’an and the message of Islam and about the Prophet himself by starting many disputes and discussions, raising irrelevant objections and bringing ever new accusations so that the Prophet and the believers were sick of trying to answer them. Secondly, they were preparing the ground for putting an end to the Prophet himself. They were devising one plot after another, and on one occasion had even taken the practical steps to execute a plot. There is a hadith on the authority of Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As, saying that, one day when the Prophet was offering his prayers in the precincts of the Ka’bah, suddenly ‘Uqbah bin Abi Mu’ait, rushed forward and putting a piece of cloth round his neck started twisting it so as to strangle him to death. Abu Bakr, who happened to go there in time, pushed him away. Abdullah says that when Abu Bakr was struggling with the man, he was saying words to the effect: “Would you kill a man only because he says: God is my Lord?”
10. Wiki Forum
11. Tafsir Zone
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Overview (Verses 1 - 3) A Different Concept of Victory We have granted you a glorious victory so that God may forgive you all your faults, past and future, bestow upon you the full measure of His blessings and guide you on a straight way God will certainly grant you His mighty support. (Verses 1-3) The surah opens with a statement about the great favours bestowed by God on His Messenger, comprising glorious victory, complete forgiveness, perfect blessing and assured guidance. Together, these favours are granted as a reward for complete, unshakeable trust in God's inspiration and directive, as well as a willing submission to His guidance. The Prophet demonstrated absolute trust, leaving no room whatsoever for his own judgement. He had a dream and proceeded to take action on its basis. His she-camel refused to move and people cried out that she had refused to go forward. He told them that such a refusal was not in her nature. "She is held back for the same reason as the elephant was held back. I shall respond favourably to any proposal the Quraysh puts to me today that helps establish good relations and guarantees respect to God's sanctuaries." (Umar asked him: "Why should we accept humiliation in matters of our faith?" His answer was simple, emphasising his unwavering trust in God's wisdom: "I am God's servant and Messenger. I shall not disobey Him and He will never abandon me." By contrast, when it is rumoured that Uthman was killed, he showed complete resolve and determination: "We shall not depart until we have fought these people." He called on people to pledge their loyalty. In turn, they gave him their pledges that brought lasting benefits to all who did so. Such was the victory. Beside it too there was another victory embodied in the peace agreement at al-Hudaybiyah, to be followed by numerous other victories taking different forms. It was a victory in advocating God's message. Al-Zuhri says: "This victory was the greatest achieved so far in the history of Islam. Battles were fought when armies met in the battlefield. With this peace agreement, war was at an end and people were able to talk to each other in safety. They met and discussed all issues. People with any degree of understanding who were approached about Islam soon declared themselves Muslims. In those two years, i.e. between the signing of the al-Hudaybiyah Treaty and the fall of Makkah, the number of Muslims doubled or became even greater." Ibn Hisham says: "The evidence in support of the above statement by al-Zuhri is found in the fact that the Prophet's Companions at al Hudaybiyah were 1,400, but when he marched to Makkah two years later,6 he was at the head of an army of 10,000." Among those who became Muslim were Khalid ibn al-Walid and Amr ibn al-As It was also a great victory on the ground. The Muslim community no longer faced danger from the Quraysh. Therefore, the Prophet was now free to address the problem represented by the Jews in Arabia. After the removal of the Jewish tribes of Qaynuqa `, al-Nadir and Qurayzah from Madinah, following their repeated violations of their friendship agreement with the Muslim community, the Jewish threat came from Khaybar and its fortresses. From there, the Jews could easily make the road to Syria unsafe. Khaybar and all its fortresses fell to the Muslims a short while later, and the Muslims were able to take great war gains which the Prophet divided exclusively among those who accompanied him at al-Hudaybiyah. Al-kludaybiyah Treaty was a decisive victory in the confrontation between the Muslims in Madinah and the Quraysh in Makkah, supported by all the unbelievers in Arabia. In his biography of the Prophet, Muhammad `Izzat Darwazah rightly says: Undoubtedly, this peace agreement described in the Qur'an as a 'glorious victory' amply deserves this description. Indeed it is one of the most decisive and greatest events during the Prophet's lifetime and in Islamic history generally, consolidating the Muslim state. For the first time the Quraysh recognised the Prophet and the Muslim state, treating them on an equal footing. It was keen to avoid military confrontation, preferring to peacefully turn them away from their purpose of entering Makkah. Twice before, the Quraysh tried to invade Madinah, and the second of these attempts took place only one year earlier. At the time, the Quraysh and other confederate tribes raised a great force avowing to exterminate Islam and the Muslims. When the Quraysh launched this attack, the Muslims in Madinah went through an extremely hard time as, numerically, they were no match for the attacking forces. The new development leading to the signing of the peace treaty had a marked effect on the Arabs; up until then they had looked upon the Quraysh as the master in Arabia and were strongly influenced by its opposition to Islam. Indeed, when the Prophet embarked on his trip to Makkah, the desert Arabs believed that he would not return safely. The hypocrites in Madinah were of similar views. Taking all this into consideration, we realise the great importance of this victory. Subsequent events confirmed the wisdom of the Prophet's action, which was endorsed by the Qur'an. These events highlighted the great material, moral, political, military and religious benefits that accrued to the Muslim community as a result of this peace agreement. They were now looked upon as the most important power in Arabia; the desert Arabs who stayed away from Islam came forward apologising for their earlier stance, while the hypocrites could hardly raise a voice. Arab delegations came to Madinah from distant parts pledging loyalty to the Prophet. Subsequently too, the Prophet was able to smash the strength of the Jews in Khaybar and their other villages on the road to Syria. He was able to send delegations to distant parts, such as Najd, Yemen and al-Balqa'. Only two years later, he was able to conquer Makkah peacefully, putting an end to the long drawn out conflict with the Quraysh. It was then that Islam achieved its final victory in Arabia, and people flocked to Islam in large numbers.' Furthermore, the signing of the peace treaty at al-Hudaybiyah was a great victory in a different sense: it was a conquest of hearts and minds, epitomised by the pledge given by the Prophet's Companions that earned them God's pleasure as specifically mentioned in the surah. It is this conquest that made them worthy of the image drawn of them in the last verse of the surah. In the history of the divine message, this was a great victory that must be given its true value as we look at how it influenced the turn of events in subsequent years. The Prophet was delighted with the revelation of this surah. He was overjoyed with the great favours God bestowed on him and his Companions: the victory, complete forgiveness, perfect blessings, guidance on a straight way and God's acceptance of the believers and His beautiful description of them in the surah. He said: "A surah has been revealed to me tonight, and it is much dearer to me than all that the sun overlooks put together." In another version, he is reported to have said: "A surah was revealed to me last night which is dearer to me than the whole world and all that it contains." He was keen to express his gratitude to God, and his thanksgiving took the form of long, voluntary prayers, described by his wife, A'ishah, as follows: "When the Prophet prayed, he would stand up until his feet swelled." She said to him: "Messenger of God! Will you continue to do this when God has forgiven you all your sins, past and future?" He replied: "Should I not, then, be a grateful servant of God?" [Related by Muslim.] |
Ibn Kathir (English)
Sayyid Qutb
Sha'rawi
Al Jalalain
Mawdudi
الطبري - جامع البيان
ابن كثير - تفسير القرآن العظيم
القرطبي - الجامع لأحكام
البغوي - معالم التنزيل
ابن أبي حاتم الرازي - تفسير القرآن
ابن عاشور - التحرير والتنوير
ابن القيم - تفسير ابن قيّم
السيوطي - الدر المنثور
الشنقيطي - أضواء البيان
ابن الجوزي - زاد المسير
الآلوسي - روح المعاني
ابن عطية - المحرر الوجيز
الرازي - مفاتيح الغيب
أبو السعود - إرشاد العقل السليم
الزمخشري - الكشاف
البقاعي - نظم الدرر
الهداية إلى بلوغ النهاية — مكي ابن أبي طالب
القاسمي - محاسن التأويل
الماوردي - النكت والعيون
السعدي - تيسير الكريم الرحمن
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي - الجواهر الحسان
السمرقندي - بحر العلوم
أبو إسحاق الثعلبي - الكشف والبيان
الشوكاني - فتح القدير
النيسابوري - التفسير البسيط
أبو حيان - البحر المحيط
البيضاوي - أنوار التنزيل
النسفي - مدارك التنزيل
ابن جُزَيّ - التسهيل لعلوم التنزيل
علي الواحدي النيسابوري - الوجيز
السيوطي - تفسير الجلالين
المختصر في التفسير — مركز تفسير
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Overview (Verses 1 - 3) A Different Concept of Victory We have granted you a glorious victory so that God may forgive you all your faults, past and future, bestow upon you the full measure of His blessings and guide you on a straight way God will certainly grant you His mighty support. (Verses 1-3) The surah opens with a statement about the great favours bestowed by God on His Messenger, comprising glorious victory, complete forgiveness, perfect blessing and assured guidance. Together, these favours are granted as a reward for complete, unshakeable trust in God's inspiration and directive, as well as a willing submission to His guidance. The Prophet demonstrated absolute trust, leaving no room whatsoever for his own judgement. He had a dream and proceeded to take action on its basis. His she-camel refused to move and people cried out that she had refused to go forward. He told them that such a refusal was not in her nature. "She is held back for the same reason as the elephant was held back. I shall respond favourably to any proposal the Quraysh puts to me today that helps establish good relations and guarantees respect to God's sanctuaries." (Umar asked him: "Why should we accept humiliation in matters of our faith?" His answer was simple, emphasising his unwavering trust in God's wisdom: "I am God's servant and Messenger. I shall not disobey Him and He will never abandon me." By contrast, when it is rumoured that Uthman was killed, he showed complete resolve and determination: "We shall not depart until we have fought these people." He called on people to pledge their loyalty. In turn, they gave him their pledges that brought lasting benefits to all who did so. Such was the victory. Beside it too there was another victory embodied in the peace agreement at al-Hudaybiyah, to be followed by numerous other victories taking different forms. It was a victory in advocating God's message. Al-Zuhri says: "This victory was the greatest achieved so far in the history of Islam. Battles were fought when armies met in the battlefield. With this peace agreement, war was at an end and people were able to talk to each other in safety. They met and discussed all issues. People with any degree of understanding who were approached about Islam soon declared themselves Muslims. In those two years, i.e. between the signing of the al-Hudaybiyah Treaty and the fall of Makkah, the number of Muslims doubled or became even greater." Ibn Hisham says: "The evidence in support of the above statement by al-Zuhri is found in the fact that the Prophet's Companions at al Hudaybiyah were 1,400, but when he marched to Makkah two years later,6 he was at the head of an army of 10,000." Among those who became Muslim were Khalid ibn al-Walid and Amr ibn al-As It was also a great victory on the ground. The Muslim community no longer faced danger from the Quraysh. Therefore, the Prophet was now free to address the problem represented by the Jews in Arabia. After the removal of the Jewish tribes of Qaynuqa `, al-Nadir and Qurayzah from Madinah, following their repeated violations of their friendship agreement with the Muslim community, the Jewish threat came from Khaybar and its fortresses. From there, the Jews could easily make the road to Syria unsafe. Khaybar and all its fortresses fell to the Muslims a short while later, and the Muslims were able to take great war gains which the Prophet divided exclusively among those who accompanied him at al-Hudaybiyah. Al-kludaybiyah Treaty was a decisive victory in the confrontation between the Muslims in Madinah and the Quraysh in Makkah, supported by all the unbelievers in Arabia. In his biography of the Prophet, Muhammad `Izzat Darwazah rightly says: Undoubtedly, this peace agreement described in the Qur'an as a 'glorious victory' amply deserves this description. Indeed it is one of the most decisive and greatest events during the Prophet's lifetime and in Islamic history generally, consolidating the Muslim state. For the first time the Quraysh recognised the Prophet and the Muslim state, treating them on an equal footing. It was keen to avoid military confrontation, preferring to peacefully turn them away from their purpose of entering Makkah. Twice before, the Quraysh tried to invade Madinah, and the second of these attempts took place only one year earlier. At the time, the Quraysh and other confederate tribes raised a great force avowing to exterminate Islam and the Muslims. When the Quraysh launched this attack, the Muslims in Madinah went through an extremely hard time as, numerically, they were no match for the attacking forces. The new development leading to the signing of the peace treaty had a marked effect on the Arabs; up until then they had looked upon the Quraysh as the master in Arabia and were strongly influenced by its opposition to Islam. Indeed, when the Prophet embarked on his trip to Makkah, the desert Arabs believed that he would not return safely. The hypocrites in Madinah were of similar views. Taking all this into consideration, we realise the great importance of this victory. Subsequent events confirmed the wisdom of the Prophet's action, which was endorsed by the Qur'an. These events highlighted the great material, moral, political, military and religious benefits that accrued to the Muslim community as a result of this peace agreement. They were now looked upon as the most important power in Arabia; the desert Arabs who stayed away from Islam came forward apologising for their earlier stance, while the hypocrites could hardly raise a voice. Arab delegations came to Madinah from distant parts pledging loyalty to the Prophet. Subsequently too, the Prophet was able to smash the strength of the Jews in Khaybar and their other villages on the road to Syria. He was able to send delegations to distant parts, such as Najd, Yemen and al-Balqa'. Only two years later, he was able to conquer Makkah peacefully, putting an end to the long drawn out conflict with the Quraysh. It was then that Islam achieved its final victory in Arabia, and people flocked to Islam in large numbers.' Furthermore, the signing of the peace treaty at al-Hudaybiyah was a great victory in a different sense: it was a conquest of hearts and minds, epitomised by the pledge given by the Prophet's Companions that earned them God's pleasure as specifically mentioned in the surah. It is this conquest that made them worthy of the image drawn of them in the last verse of the surah. In the history of the divine message, this was a great victory that must be given its true value as we look at how it influenced the turn of events in subsequent years. The Prophet was delighted with the revelation of this surah. He was overjoyed with the great favours God bestowed on him and his Companions: the victory, complete forgiveness, perfect blessings, guidance on a straight way and God's acceptance of the believers and His beautiful description of them in the surah. He said: "A surah has been revealed to me tonight, and it is much dearer to me than all that the sun overlooks put together." In another version, he is reported to have said: "A surah was revealed to me last night which is dearer to me than the whole world and all that it contains." He was keen to express his gratitude to God, and his thanksgiving took the form of long, voluntary prayers, described by his wife, A'ishah, as follows: "When the Prophet prayed, he would stand up until his feet swelled." She said to him: "Messenger of God! Will you continue to do this when God has forgiven you all your sins, past and future?" He replied: "Should I not, then, be a grateful servant of God?" [Related by Muslim.] |
