Overview - Surah 59: al-Hashr (The Gathering )
The Surah talks about the banishment of Bani Nadhir and secret relations between them and the hypocrites of Madinah. It exhorts the Believers to be firm in their faith in Allah and gives some of the Beautiful Names of Allah.
Sections:
- The Banishment of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadhir. The distribution of the spoils.
- The false promises of the hypocrites.
- The exhortation of the Believers to faith. The Beautiful Names of Allah.
The Surah takes its name from the second Ayat, هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ "It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering....." [59:2]
There are 24 Ayat in this Surah.
Overview
| Total Ayat | 24 |
| Total Words * | 445 |
| Root Words * | 162 |
| Makki / Madani | Madani |
| Chronological Order* | 101st (according to Ibn Abbas) |
| Year of Revelation* | 17th year of Prophethood (4th Year Hijri) |
| Events during/before this Surah*
, Battle of Uhud, Change of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Makkah - Battle of Badr, Migration from Makkah to Madinah - Building of Masjid Nabi in Madinah - Treaty with Jews of Madinah - Marriage of Prophet to Aishah, , 2nd Pledge of Aqabah, 1st Pledge of Aqabah, Death of Abu Talib - Death of Khadijah - Stoning at Ta'if - al-Isra wal Mi'raj - Night Journey, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 3, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 2, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 1, 2nd Migration to Abyssinia, Physical beating and torture of some Muslims - 1st Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia, Public Invitation to Islam - Persecution of Muslims; antagonism - ridicule - derision - accusation - abuse and false propaganda., Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam
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| Events during/after still to occur*
Battle of Ahzab - Expedition of Banu Quraydhah,Treaty of Hudaiybiyah - Letters to Kings and Rulers,,Conquest of Makkah - Battle of Hunain,Hajj led by Abu Bakr - Expedition of Tabuk,Farewell Hajj by Prophet - Death of Prophet - End of Divine Revelation
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| Names of Prophets Mentioned
No Prophets names are mentioned in this Surah
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| Surah Index
God (knows that beyond comprehension) , Booty, Booty (must not benefit those already rich) , Date palms, Hell, Hypocrites, Iblis, Jihad, Prayer (content) , Qur’an, Refugees, Resurrection (of soul)
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Theme 1: The power of Allah in aiding and assisting the Believers.
Theme 2: An appraisal of the battle against the Banu-Nadheer. In this, on the whole, four things have been discussed.
1. In the first four verses the world has been admonished to take heed of the fate that had just befallen the Banu-Nadheer. A major tribe which was as strong in numbers as the Muslims, whose people boasted of far more wealth and possession, who were by no means ill-equipped militarily and whose forts were well fortified could not stand siege even for a few days, and expressed their readiness to accept banishment from their centuries-old, well established settlement even though not a single man from among them was slain. God says that this happened not because of any power possessed by the Muslims but because the Jews had tried to resist and fight God and His Messenger, and those who dare to resist the power of God, always meet with the same fate.
2. In verse 5, the rule of the law of war that has been enunciated is: the destruction caused in the enemy territory for military purposes does not come under “spreading mischief in the earth.”
3. In v. 6-10 it has been stated how the lands and properties which come under the control of the Islamic State as a result of war or peace terms, are to be managed. As it was the first ever occasion that the Muslims took control of a conquered territory, the law concerning it was laid down for their guidance.
4. In v. 11-17 the attitude that the hypocrites had adopted on the occasion of the battle against the Banu-Nadheer has been reviewed and the causes underlying it have been pointed out.
5. The whole of the last section (v. 18-24) is an admonition for all those people who had professed to have affirmed the faith and joined the Muslim community, but were devoid of the true spirit of the faith. In it they have been told what is the real demand of the Faith, what is the real difference between piety and wickedness, what is the place and importance of the Qur’an which they professed to believe in, and what are the attributes of God in Whom they claimed to have believed.
- The Surah begins and ends with Tasbih [glorification of Allah]. Also both the first and last Ayat end with the two names of Allah Almighty, al-Azeez and al-Hakeem.
سَبَّحَ لِلَّـهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ " Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:1]
هُوَ اللَّـهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ "He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:24]
Manuscripts / Inscriptions
Narrated Ma'qil bin Yasar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَقَرَأَ ثَلاَثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ وَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مَاتَ شَهِيدًا وَمَنْ قَالَهَا حِينَ يُمْسِي كَانَ بِتِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ
"Whoever says three times when he gets up in the morning: 'A'udhu Billahis-Sami Al-'Alim Min Ash-Shaitanir-Rajim' and he recites three Ayat from the end of Surah Al-Hashr - Allah appoints seventy-thousand angels who say Salat upon him until the evening. If he dies on that day, he dies a martyr, and whoever reaches the evening, he holds the same status." Tirmidhee no. 2922
Hasan said, عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: «مَنْ قَرَأَ ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ فَمَاتَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ، طُبِعَ بِطَابَعِ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَإِنْ قَرَأَ إِذَا أَمْسَى فَمَاتَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ، طُبِعَ بِطَابَعِ الشُّهَدَاءِ Sunan Darimi 3421 [translation needed]
Total Word Count per Ayat (shows how many words per Ayat) = * | ||
Bukhari and Muslim contain a hadith from Sa’id bin Jubair to the effect “When I asked Abdullah bin Abbas about Surah Al-Hashr, he replied that it was sent down concerning the battle against the Banu-Nadheer just as Surah 8: al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) was sent down concerning the Battle of Badr. “As for the question as to when this battle took place, Imam Zuhri has stated on the authority of Urwah bin Zubair that it took place six months after the Battle of Badr. However, Ibn Sa’d, Ibn Hisham and Baladhuri regard it as an event of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 4 A.H.
- The Jewish tribe of Banu Al-Nadhir is given the order of exile for their mutiny against the Islamic State.
- Distribution of the belongings of Banu Al-Nadhir.
- Historical background of the Jews (See commentary in following pages).
- Good qualities of true immigrants and good qualities of true Ansar (the residents of Madinah).
- Hypocrites conspiracy with the people of the Book (Jews).
- The parable of a Shaitan vs. a disbeliever.
- Let each soul see what it is sending for the Hereafter.
- If the Qur'an was sent down upon a mountain it would have crumbled into pieces from the fear of Allah's disobedience.
- Fifteen attributes of Allah in three verses: the God, the Knower of the Seen and the Unseen, the Compassionate, the Merciful, the King, the Holy, the Giver of peace, the Grantor of security, the Guardian,, the Almighty, the Irresistible, the Supreme and the Creator.
Tafsir Zone
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Overview (Verse 6) Gains Achieved Without a War The second part of the surah lays down the rules concerning gains that were granted by God to the Muslim community in this encounter and in similar ones, where the Muslims achieved victory without having to fight. These rules apply to any conflict where God's hand works directly, without human cover: Whatever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-camel for its sake. God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills. God has power over all things. Whatever gains God turns over to His Messenger from the people of the townships belong to God, the Messenger, kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and the traveller in need. Thus, they would not just circulate among those of you who are rich. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it. Remain God-fearing; for God is severe in retribution. [Such gains are for] the poor migrants who have been driven out of their homes and possessions, seeking God's favour and His goodly acceptance, and who help God and His Messenger. These are the ones who are true. And to those who were already firmly established in the Home and in faith, those who love the ones that seek refuge with them and harbour no desire in their hearts for whatever the others may have been given. They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in want. Those who are saved from their own greed are truly successful. Those who come after them pray; 'Our Lord! Forgive us and forgive our brethren who preceded us in faith. Leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe. Lord, You are compassionate, ever merciful. (Verses 6-10) These verses include a description of the conditions prevailing for the Muslim community at that time. They also state the nature and distinctive features of the Muslim community that make its strong bonds survive from one generation, race and individual to another, across the centuries and throughout the world. This is a great truth that we should reflect upon. "Whatever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-camel for its sake. God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills. God has power over all things." (Verse 6) This verse mentions that these gains left over by the al-Nadir Jews were taken by the Muslims without them having to ride a horse or a camel, let alone fight in order to lay their hands upon them. Hence, it is not to be treated like war booty. Only one fifth of what the Muslims gain in war is reserved for God, His Messenger, his own kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and travellers in want. The rest, i.e. four-fifths, is distributed among those who take part in the war itself. This rule concerning war gains was laid down in Sarah 8, The Spoils of War, revealed shortly after the Battle of Badr. Here, however, the present sr.-nub rules that these new gains, made without a fight, belong only to God, His Messenger, his own kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and travellers in want. It is God's Messenger who undertakes the spending of these gains in this way and for these purposes. This ruling is clearly stated in the surah. However, it does not stop at stating the immediate reason for this ruling, but rather opens our eyes to an important truth: "God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills." (Verse 6) It is all by God's will, and His messengers are part of that will, giving them power over anyone or any community He chooses: "God has power over all things." (Verse 6) Thus the role of God's messengers is seen to be closely linked to God's direct will. Although they are ordinary human beings, they have a special link with God's will, giving them a particular role in how God brings about what He wants to happen on earth. They do not act at their own behest; nor do they take or leave anything for their own interest. When they go to war, face anyone in conflict, or make peace with any one, they only do so to fulfil an aspect of God's will that has been made dependent on their own actions. It is God who is the actor behind all this. It is He who has power over all things. |
Ibn Kathir (English)
Sayyid Qutb
Sha'rawi
Al Jalalain
الطبري - جامع البيان
ابن كثير - تفسير القرآن العظيم
القرطبي - الجامع لأحكام
البغوي - معالم التنزيل
ابن أبي حاتم الرازي - تفسير القرآن
ابن عاشور - التحرير والتنوير
ابن القيم - تفسير ابن قيّم
السيوطي - الدر المنثور
الشنقيطي - أضواء البيان
ابن الجوزي - زاد المسير
الآلوسي - روح المعاني
ابن عطية - المحرر الوجيز
الرازي - مفاتيح الغيب
أبو السعود - إرشاد العقل السليم
الزمخشري - الكشاف
البقاعي - نظم الدرر
الهداية إلى بلوغ النهاية — مكي ابن أبي طالب
القاسمي - محاسن التأويل
الماوردي - النكت والعيون
السعدي - تيسير الكريم الرحمن
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي - الجواهر الحسان
السمرقندي - بحر العلوم
أبو إسحاق الثعلبي - الكشف والبيان
الشوكاني - فتح القدير
النيسابوري - التفسير البسيط
أبو حيان - البحر المحيط
البيضاوي - أنوار التنزيل
النسفي - مدارك التنزيل
ابن جُزَيّ - التسهيل لعلوم التنزيل
علي الواحدي النيسابوري - الوجيز
السيوطي - تفسير الجلالين
المختصر في التفسير — مركز تفسير
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Overview (Verse 6) Gains Achieved Without a War The second part of the surah lays down the rules concerning gains that were granted by God to the Muslim community in this encounter and in similar ones, where the Muslims achieved victory without having to fight. These rules apply to any conflict where God's hand works directly, without human cover: Whatever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-camel for its sake. God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills. God has power over all things. Whatever gains God turns over to His Messenger from the people of the townships belong to God, the Messenger, kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and the traveller in need. Thus, they would not just circulate among those of you who are rich. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it. Remain God-fearing; for God is severe in retribution. [Such gains are for] the poor migrants who have been driven out of their homes and possessions, seeking God's favour and His goodly acceptance, and who help God and His Messenger. These are the ones who are true. And to those who were already firmly established in the Home and in faith, those who love the ones that seek refuge with them and harbour no desire in their hearts for whatever the others may have been given. They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in want. Those who are saved from their own greed are truly successful. Those who come after them pray; 'Our Lord! Forgive us and forgive our brethren who preceded us in faith. Leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe. Lord, You are compassionate, ever merciful. (Verses 6-10) These verses include a description of the conditions prevailing for the Muslim community at that time. They also state the nature and distinctive features of the Muslim community that make its strong bonds survive from one generation, race and individual to another, across the centuries and throughout the world. This is a great truth that we should reflect upon. "Whatever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-camel for its sake. God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills. God has power over all things." (Verse 6) This verse mentions that these gains left over by the al-Nadir Jews were taken by the Muslims without them having to ride a horse or a camel, let alone fight in order to lay their hands upon them. Hence, it is not to be treated like war booty. Only one fifth of what the Muslims gain in war is reserved for God, His Messenger, his own kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and travellers in want. The rest, i.e. four-fifths, is distributed among those who take part in the war itself. This rule concerning war gains was laid down in Sarah 8, The Spoils of War, revealed shortly after the Battle of Badr. Here, however, the present sr.-nub rules that these new gains, made without a fight, belong only to God, His Messenger, his own kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and travellers in want. It is God's Messenger who undertakes the spending of these gains in this way and for these purposes. This ruling is clearly stated in the surah. However, it does not stop at stating the immediate reason for this ruling, but rather opens our eyes to an important truth: "God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills." (Verse 6) It is all by God's will, and His messengers are part of that will, giving them power over anyone or any community He chooses: "God has power over all things." (Verse 6) Thus the role of God's messengers is seen to be closely linked to God's direct will. Although they are ordinary human beings, they have a special link with God's will, giving them a particular role in how God brings about what He wants to happen on earth. They do not act at their own behest; nor do they take or leave anything for their own interest. When they go to war, face anyone in conflict, or make peace with any one, they only do so to fulfil an aspect of God's will that has been made dependent on their own actions. It is God who is the actor behind all this. It is He who has power over all things. |
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgpLD5a0Z1k&index=59&list=PLhM2xiAUdw2cAqW_o3zZkbhJNw0bnaBZN
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Mahmoud Khalil Al Hussary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwF5hWmSK-0&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfMFWX22VZWOKpzjr-vH_BM
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Muhammad Al Luhaydan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slWkuH0t0CQ&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfKAYuQLRNAZomoezhfhRZe
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Muhammad Minshawi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkjCaJOyZQU&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHdUcO_uc-8F8J2NUQRDZjPG
- Dr Israr Ahmed Tafsir Surah Al Hashr to Surah Al Jum'ah1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFoeJtrirq4&list=PLB4B8D1654A8BD263&index=101
- Surah Al Hashr to Surah Al Jum'ah1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFoeJtrirq4&list=PLB4B8D1654A8BD263&index=102
