Overview - Surah 14: Ibrahim (Abraham )
The basic theme of the Surah is Allah's guidance through His prophets. The purpose of this guidance is to take the people from darkness to light. Many people in the past had doubts about their prophets.They laughed at them and they threatened to kill them or expel them from their towns. However, the lasting word is the "good word." The Surah also mentions Prophet Ibrahim's prayer when he established the city of Makkah.
Sections:
- The purpose of the Qur'an is to lead humankind to light.
- Prophets and their people.
- Non-believers threatened the Prophets, but Allah's promise to the Prophets.
- Satan misleads the disbelievers in this world, but in the hereafter he would leave them in the lurch.
- The ingratitude of people
- Prophet Ibrahim's prayer for Makkah, for its people and for his own children
- Allah is aware of what the wrongdoers are doing, their respite and end.
The Surah derives its name from Ibrahim, the father of all prophets who came after him.
There are 52 ayat in this Surah.
Overview
| Total Ayat | 52 |
| Total Words * | 830 |
| Root Words * | 234 |
| Unique Root Words * | 4 |
| Makki / Madani | Makki |
| Chronological Order* | 72nd (according to Ibn Abbas) |
| Year of Revelation* | 11th year of Prophethood |
| Events during/before this Surah*
1st Pledge of Aqabah, Death of Abu Talib - Death of Khadijah - Stoning at Ta'if - al-Isra wal Mi'raj - Night Journey, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 3, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 2, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 1, 2nd Migration to Abyssinia, Physical beating and torture of some Muslims - 1st Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia, Public Invitation to Islam - Persecution of Muslims; antagonism - ridicule - derision - accusation - abuse and false propaganda., Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam
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| Events during/after still to occur*
2nd Pledge of Aqabah,,Migration from Makkah to Madinah - Building of Masjid Nabi in Madinah - Treaty with Jews of Madinah - Marriage of Prophet to Aishah,Change of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Makkah - Battle of Badr,Battle of Uhud,,Battle of Ahzab - Expedition of Banu Quraydhah,Treaty of Hudaiybiyah - Letters to Kings and Rulers,,Conquest of Makkah - Battle of Hunain,Hajj led by Abu Bakr - Expedition of Tabuk,Farewell Hajj by Prophet - Death of Prophet - End of Divine Revelation
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| Names of Prophets Mentioned
Nuh, Ibrahim, Ismail, Ishaq, Musa
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| Surah Index
Abraham, God (replaces humans with another) , Astronomy (celestial mechanics) (solar and lunar orbits), Charity, Commandments (general religious) , Disbelievers, Earth (changed into another earth) , Earth (rotation of) , Hell, History (study it) , Hydrology, Iblis, Isaac, Ishmael, Judgement (Day) , Ka’bah, Moses, Noah, Pharaoh, Prayer (of Abraham) , Prophet (prophecy in language of target population) , Prophet (purpose of) , Revelation, Sea, Ships, Thamud, Weather (rain) , Weather (wind)
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Theme 1: The fundamental message of all prophets is the same.
Theme 2: Allah, ‘He is the one who takes people out of the various levels darknesses into the Light through revelation.’
Its subject matter, namely faith, revelation and the divine message, God’s Oneness, resurrection, reckoning and reward permeate Makkan surahs. Just as every surah in the Qur’an has its distinctive character, this surah adopts a unique approach in presenting its material, with highlights and shading that accentuate the principles and issues it tackles. These may not be different from the principles and issues other surahs illustrate, but they are tackled here from a different angle so as to generate special effect and emphasis. Furthermore, certain aspects are added and others omitted, giving the reader and the listener the overall impression that they deal with new issues and principles. [Ref: Qutb, Fi Dhilal]
- The general ambience of the Surah derives from its name, Ibrahim, the father of all prophets who came after him. He was a blessed man, most grateful to God, most clement, tender-hearted, and devout. All the connotations of these attributes are felt throughout this Surah, in its main issues, general approach, mode of expression as also in its rhythm.
The surah begins with an outline of the mission of God’s Messenger and the book revealed to him: “This is a book which We have bestowed on you from on high so that you might bring forth all mankind, by their Lord’s leave, from darkness into the light, to the path of the Almighty, the One to whom all praise is due.” It concludes with the same point, highlighting the truth of God’s oneness which is at the heart of the divine message: “This is a message to all mankind. Let them be warned thereby, and let them know that He is the One and only God. Let those who are endowed with insight take heed.”
Manuscripts / Inscriptions
8th Century AH
8th Century AH
1141 AH 1763 CE
1141 AH 1763 CE
17th Century
17th Century
18th Century
18th Century
17th Century
17th Century
3rd /4th Century Hijrah
3rd /4th Century Hijrah
1st Century Hijrah (7th Century CE)
1st Century Hijrah (7th Century CE)
1st Century Hijrah
1st Century Hijrah
Surah Yunus, Hud, Yusuf and now Ibrahim begin the Surah with the letters Alif Lam Ra. The following surah, al-Hijr will also begin with the same letters.
Total Word Count per Ayat (shows how many words per Ayat) = 4* | ||
| # | Root Word | Frequency in Surah | Frequency in Qur'an |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | أ ل ه | 38 | 2851 |
| 2. | ر ب ب | 17 | 980 |
| 3. | ٱلَّذِى | 15 | 1464 |
| 4. | ق و ل | 15 | 1722 |
| 5. | إِلَىٰ | 12 | 742 |
| 6. | أ ر ض | 11 | 461 |
| 7. | ر س ل | 10 | 513 |
| 8. | ق و م | 10 | 660 |
| 9. | ظ ل م | 9 | 315 |
| 10. | س م و | 9 | 381 |
| Root Word | Frequency in Surah |
Frequency in Qur'an |
|---|---|---|
| أ ل ه | 38 | 2851 |
| ر ب ب | 17 | 980 |
| ٱلَّذِى | 15 | 1464 |
| ق و ل | 15 | 1722 |
| إِلَىٰ | 12 | 742 |
| أ ر ض | 11 | 461 |
| ر س ل | 10 | 513 |
| ق و م | 10 | 660 |
| ظ ل م | 9 | 315 |
| س م و | 9 | 381 |
It appears from the tone of this Surah that it belongs to a group of Surahs which were revealed during the last stages of the Makkan period. For instance ayah 13: “And those who disbelieved said to their messengers, “We will surely drive you out of our land, or you must return to our religion.” So their Lord inspired to them, “We will surely destroy the wrongdoers.” clearly indicates that the persecution of the Muslims was most intense at the time of the revelation of this Surah and that the people of Makkah were bent on expelling the Muslims, just like the disbelievers of the former Prophets.
- Allah never sent a Rasool [Messenger] for the guidance of a nation except one who spoke the language of those people.
- If every human being becomes a disbeliever, it makes no difference to Allah.
- The message of all Prophets and Messengers was the same.
- Allah increases his blessings if a person shows gratitude.
- Allah has based the creation of the heavens and the earth on Truth.
- Shaitan has no power except to seduce human beings.
- Greeting in paradise will be "Assalam-u-Alaikum" which means: "peace be upon you."
- A quotation from the prayers of the Prophet Ibrahim which the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) made a part of Muslims' daily Salah (prayers).
Tafsir Zone
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Overview (Verses 22 - 23) Realities That Must be Faced Matters have been settled and there can be no room for discussion or argument. Everyone has been shown their place in the life to come. But at this point we see a remarkable portrait: it is Satan, the one who did everything in his power to divert people away from the truth and turn them towards error and falsehood, who reproaches both the weak and the tyrants. His words may sound to them worse than the torture they will soon face: “And when everything will have been decided, Satan will say: ‘God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them. Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me. Hence, do not now blame me, but blame yourselves. It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine. I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.’ Indeed, for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store.” (Verse 22) What an amazing scene. Satan is truly devilish! His personality appears here in its most striking colours, just as we have seen the true character of the weak and the powerful. Satan who was the constant whisperer, presenting every type of temptation, turning people away from the voice of truth is now stabbing his followers in the back. Now that matters have been settled, they cannot make any counter attack. They cannot even reply to him. It is he who says now, after the issues have been decided: “God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them.” (Verse 22) He goes on to rub it in, reproaching them for responding to him when he had no power over them. It is they who gave themselves up to him, forgetting all the old enmity between themselves and Satan. They embraced his falsehood and abandoned the message of truth God had sent them. “Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me.” (Verse 22) He not only rebukes them, but calls on them to rebuke themselves for having obeyed him: “Do not now blame me, but blame yourselves.” (Verse 22) He then adds insult to injury, lets them down unashamedly, and declares that he wants nothing further to do with them. Yet it was he who had previously given them all sorts of rosy promises. He went on to tell them that no one could ever defeat them. Now he will not even try to give them any support should they appeal to him for it, nor will they help him when he cries out: “It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine.” (Verse 22) There is no contact or relationship between us now. He then absolves himself of their associating him as a partner with God. “I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.” (Verse 22) He then finishes this Satanic speech with a devastating blow directed at those who followed him in every way: “Indeed for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store.” (Verse 22) This is what they receive from Satan, after they have followed him blindly into error. This is what they get from him for having abandoned God’s messengers who called on them to follow God’s guidance. Before the curtains are drawn, we see on the other side the believers who have won the battle against Satan, and who are now enjoying their success: “ Those who believe and do righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens through which running waters flow, wherein they will abide, by their Lord’s leave. Their greeting shall be: Peace.” (Verse 23) Thus the scene ends. This is the outcome of the whole story between the message and its advocates on the one side and powerful tyrants who deny God and His messengers on the other. |
Ibn Kathir (English)
Sayyid Qutb
Sha'rawi
Al Jalalain
Mawdudi
الطبري - جامع البيان
ابن كثير - تفسير القرآن العظيم
القرطبي - الجامع لأحكام
البغوي - معالم التنزيل
ابن أبي حاتم الرازي - تفسير القرآن
ابن عاشور - التحرير والتنوير
ابن القيم - تفسير ابن قيّم
السيوطي - الدر المنثور
الشنقيطي - أضواء البيان
ابن الجوزي - زاد المسير
الآلوسي - روح المعاني
ابن عطية - المحرر الوجيز
الرازي - مفاتيح الغيب
أبو السعود - إرشاد العقل السليم
الزمخشري - الكشاف
البقاعي - نظم الدرر
الهداية إلى بلوغ النهاية — مكي ابن أبي طالب
القاسمي - محاسن التأويل
الماوردي - النكت والعيون
السعدي - تيسير الكريم الرحمن
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي - الجواهر الحسان
السمرقندي - بحر العلوم
أبو إسحاق الثعلبي - الكشف والبيان
الشوكاني - فتح القدير
النيسابوري - التفسير البسيط
أبو حيان - البحر المحيط
البيضاوي - أنوار التنزيل
النسفي - مدارك التنزيل
ابن جُزَيّ - التسهيل لعلوم التنزيل
علي الواحدي النيسابوري - الوجيز
السيوطي - تفسير الجلالين
المختصر في التفسير — مركز تفسير
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Overview (Verses 22 - 23) Realities That Must be Faced Matters have been settled and there can be no room for discussion or argument. Everyone has been shown their place in the life to come. But at this point we see a remarkable portrait: it is Satan, the one who did everything in his power to divert people away from the truth and turn them towards error and falsehood, who reproaches both the weak and the tyrants. His words may sound to them worse than the torture they will soon face: “And when everything will have been decided, Satan will say: ‘God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them. Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me. Hence, do not now blame me, but blame yourselves. It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine. I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.’ Indeed, for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store.” (Verse 22) What an amazing scene. Satan is truly devilish! His personality appears here in its most striking colours, just as we have seen the true character of the weak and the powerful. Satan who was the constant whisperer, presenting every type of temptation, turning people away from the voice of truth is now stabbing his followers in the back. Now that matters have been settled, they cannot make any counter attack. They cannot even reply to him. It is he who says now, after the issues have been decided: “God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them.” (Verse 22) He goes on to rub it in, reproaching them for responding to him when he had no power over them. It is they who gave themselves up to him, forgetting all the old enmity between themselves and Satan. They embraced his falsehood and abandoned the message of truth God had sent them. “Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me.” (Verse 22) He not only rebukes them, but calls on them to rebuke themselves for having obeyed him: “Do not now blame me, but blame yourselves.” (Verse 22) He then adds insult to injury, lets them down unashamedly, and declares that he wants nothing further to do with them. Yet it was he who had previously given them all sorts of rosy promises. He went on to tell them that no one could ever defeat them. Now he will not even try to give them any support should they appeal to him for it, nor will they help him when he cries out: “It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine.” (Verse 22) There is no contact or relationship between us now. He then absolves himself of their associating him as a partner with God. “I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.” (Verse 22) He then finishes this Satanic speech with a devastating blow directed at those who followed him in every way: “Indeed for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store.” (Verse 22) This is what they receive from Satan, after they have followed him blindly into error. This is what they get from him for having abandoned God’s messengers who called on them to follow God’s guidance. Before the curtains are drawn, we see on the other side the believers who have won the battle against Satan, and who are now enjoying their success: “ Those who believe and do righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens through which running waters flow, wherein they will abide, by their Lord’s leave. Their greeting shall be: Peace.” (Verse 23) Thus the scene ends. This is the outcome of the whole story between the message and its advocates on the one side and powerful tyrants who deny God and His messengers on the other. |
- Surah 14. Ibrahim - Saad al Ghamidi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPRsz_Iw8bU&index=14&list=PLhM2xiAUdw2cAqW_o3zZkbhJNw0bnaBZN
- Surah 14. Ibrahim Mahmoud Khalil Al Hussary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxZbof59L1o&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfMFWX22VZWOKpzjr-vH_BM&index=14
- Surah 14. Ibrahim Muhammad Al Luhaydan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovTJIzV3Kno&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfKAYuQLRNAZomoezhfhRZe&index=14
- Surah Ibrahim Idris Akbar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocfxEeDdwlc
- Surah 14. Ibrahim muhammad Minshawi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGwOA_GK3Gk&index=14&list=PLxpAkjlGauHdUcO_uc-8F8J2NUQRDZjPG
