Overview - Surah 59: al-Hashr (The Gathering )
The Surah talks about the banishment of Bani Nadhir and secret relations between them and the hypocrites of Madinah. It exhorts the Believers to be firm in their faith in Allah and gives some of the Beautiful Names of Allah.
Sections:
- The Banishment of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadhir. The distribution of the spoils.
- The false promises of the hypocrites.
- The exhortation of the Believers to faith. The Beautiful Names of Allah.
The Surah takes its name from the second Ayat, هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ "It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering....." [59:2]
There are 24 Ayat in this Surah.
Overview
| Total Ayat | 24 |
| Total Words * | 445 |
| Root Words * | 162 |
| Makki / Madani | Madani |
| Chronological Order* | 101st (according to Ibn Abbas) |
| Year of Revelation* | 17th year of Prophethood (4th Year Hijri) |
| Events during/before this Surah*
, Battle of Uhud, Change of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Makkah - Battle of Badr, Migration from Makkah to Madinah - Building of Masjid Nabi in Madinah - Treaty with Jews of Madinah - Marriage of Prophet to Aishah, , 2nd Pledge of Aqabah, 1st Pledge of Aqabah, Death of Abu Talib - Death of Khadijah - Stoning at Ta'if - al-Isra wal Mi'raj - Night Journey, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 3, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 2, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 1, 2nd Migration to Abyssinia, Physical beating and torture of some Muslims - 1st Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia, Public Invitation to Islam - Persecution of Muslims; antagonism - ridicule - derision - accusation - abuse and false propaganda., Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam
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| Events during/after still to occur*
Battle of Ahzab - Expedition of Banu Quraydhah,Treaty of Hudaiybiyah - Letters to Kings and Rulers,,Conquest of Makkah - Battle of Hunain,Hajj led by Abu Bakr - Expedition of Tabuk,Farewell Hajj by Prophet - Death of Prophet - End of Divine Revelation
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| Names of Prophets Mentioned
No Prophets names are mentioned in this Surah
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| Surah Index
God (knows that beyond comprehension) , Booty, Booty (must not benefit those already rich) , Date palms, Hell, Hypocrites, Iblis, Jihad, Prayer (content) , Qur’an, Refugees, Resurrection (of soul)
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Theme 1: The power of Allah in aiding and assisting the Believers.
Theme 2: An appraisal of the battle against the Banu-Nadheer. In this, on the whole, four things have been discussed.
1. In the first four verses the world has been admonished to take heed of the fate that had just befallen the Banu-Nadheer. A major tribe which was as strong in numbers as the Muslims, whose people boasted of far more wealth and possession, who were by no means ill-equipped militarily and whose forts were well fortified could not stand siege even for a few days, and expressed their readiness to accept banishment from their centuries-old, well established settlement even though not a single man from among them was slain. God says that this happened not because of any power possessed by the Muslims but because the Jews had tried to resist and fight God and His Messenger, and those who dare to resist the power of God, always meet with the same fate.
2. In verse 5, the rule of the law of war that has been enunciated is: the destruction caused in the enemy territory for military purposes does not come under “spreading mischief in the earth.”
3. In v. 6-10 it has been stated how the lands and properties which come under the control of the Islamic State as a result of war or peace terms, are to be managed. As it was the first ever occasion that the Muslims took control of a conquered territory, the law concerning it was laid down for their guidance.
4. In v. 11-17 the attitude that the hypocrites had adopted on the occasion of the battle against the Banu-Nadheer has been reviewed and the causes underlying it have been pointed out.
5. The whole of the last section (v. 18-24) is an admonition for all those people who had professed to have affirmed the faith and joined the Muslim community, but were devoid of the true spirit of the faith. In it they have been told what is the real demand of the Faith, what is the real difference between piety and wickedness, what is the place and importance of the Qur’an which they professed to believe in, and what are the attributes of God in Whom they claimed to have believed.
- The Surah begins and ends with Tasbih [glorification of Allah]. Also both the first and last Ayat end with the two names of Allah Almighty, al-Azeez and al-Hakeem.
سَبَّحَ لِلَّـهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ " Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:1]
هُوَ اللَّـهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ "He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:24]
Manuscripts / Inscriptions
Narrated Ma'qil bin Yasar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَقَرَأَ ثَلاَثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ وَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مَاتَ شَهِيدًا وَمَنْ قَالَهَا حِينَ يُمْسِي كَانَ بِتِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ
"Whoever says three times when he gets up in the morning: 'A'udhu Billahis-Sami Al-'Alim Min Ash-Shaitanir-Rajim' and he recites three Ayat from the end of Surah Al-Hashr - Allah appoints seventy-thousand angels who say Salat upon him until the evening. If he dies on that day, he dies a martyr, and whoever reaches the evening, he holds the same status." Tirmidhee no. 2922
Hasan said, عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: «مَنْ قَرَأَ ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ فَمَاتَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ، طُبِعَ بِطَابَعِ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَإِنْ قَرَأَ إِذَا أَمْسَى فَمَاتَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ، طُبِعَ بِطَابَعِ الشُّهَدَاءِ Sunan Darimi 3421 [translation needed]
Total Word Count per Ayat (shows how many words per Ayat) = * | ||
Bukhari and Muslim contain a hadith from Sa’id bin Jubair to the effect “When I asked Abdullah bin Abbas about Surah Al-Hashr, he replied that it was sent down concerning the battle against the Banu-Nadheer just as Surah 8: al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) was sent down concerning the Battle of Badr. “As for the question as to when this battle took place, Imam Zuhri has stated on the authority of Urwah bin Zubair that it took place six months after the Battle of Badr. However, Ibn Sa’d, Ibn Hisham and Baladhuri regard it as an event of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 4 A.H.
- The Jewish tribe of Banu Al-Nadhir is given the order of exile for their mutiny against the Islamic State.
- Distribution of the belongings of Banu Al-Nadhir.
- Historical background of the Jews (See commentary in following pages).
- Good qualities of true immigrants and good qualities of true Ansar (the residents of Madinah).
- Hypocrites conspiracy with the people of the Book (Jews).
- The parable of a Shaitan vs. a disbeliever.
- Let each soul see what it is sending for the Hereafter.
- If the Qur'an was sent down upon a mountain it would have crumbled into pieces from the fear of Allah's disobedience.
- Fifteen attributes of Allah in three verses: the God, the Knower of the Seen and the Unseen, the Compassionate, the Merciful, the King, the Holy, the Giver of peace, the Grantor of security, the Guardian,, the Almighty, the Irresistible, the Supreme and the Creator.
Tafsir Zone
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Overview (Verses 11 - 14) False Promises The surah now turns back to discuss the event itself, painting a picture of another group that played a role in it, the hypocrites: Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations, lf you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid? God bears witness that they are indeed liars. If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them. Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help. You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts a fear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding. They will never fight you even in a body except from within fortified strongholds or from behind walls. Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another, because they are people who will not use their reason. Like those who, a short while before them, had to taste the evil that came from their own doings. Painful suffering is in store for them. Like Satan, who says to man, 'Reject the faith!' Yet when man disbelieves, Satan says, 7 here and now disown you. I fear God, the Lord of all the worlds.' Both will end up in the fire, where they will abide. Such is the reward of the wrongdoers. (Verses 1 1 - 1 7) The surah reports on what the hypocrites said to the al-Nadir Jews, promising them support, but then letting them down and showing that they cared nothing for their own promises. Every sentence in these verses states a fact, touches hearts, stirs up feelings and establishes a principle of education, knowledge and unshakeable faith. The first of these establishes a bond of kinship between the hypocrites and the unbelievers from among the people of earlier revelations: "Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations..." (Verse 11) The ones to whom the surah refers as people of earlier revelations are unbelievers, and the hypocrites are their brethren, despite the fact that they claim to be Muslims. Then the surah gives a full and vivid picture of the hypocrites' promises and assurances to their brethren: " If you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid'?" (Verse 11) God, who knows what they truly are, states and confirms otherwise: "God bears witness that they are indeed liars. If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them. Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help." (Verses 11-12) Events confirmed that what God stated was true and what they promised their brethren was false. The surah then states a fact explaining what those people, hypocrites and unbelievers from among the people of earlier religions, truly felt: "You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts a fear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding." (Verse 13) They feared the believers more than they feared God. Had they truly feared God, they would not have feared anyone else. Only one type of fear can exist in a person's heart; fear of God can never exist side by side with fear of anyone else. All might belongs to God alone. All powers in the universe are subject to His will: "There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock." (11: 56) Why, then, would a God-fearing person feel afraid of anyone else? However, the people who do not understand this truth fear God's creatures more than they fear Him. This, "because they are devoid of understanding." (Verse 13) Thus the surah exposes the truth about those people, and adds another general truth. Now, the surah goes on to describe a condition particular to the two parties, the hypocrites and the unbelievers among the people of earlier religions. This condition arises from the fact that they fear the believers more than they fear God: "They will never fight you even in a body except from within fortified strongholds or from behind walls. Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another, because they are people who will not use their reason." (Verse 14) Time continues to reveal the absolute accuracy of this delineation of the true character of the hypocrites and the people of earlier revelations whenever and wherever they meet the believers in battle. Recent clashes in the Holy Land between volunteer believers and the Jews have confirmed the accuracy of this description. They would not fight the believers except in their own fortified settlements in Palestine.6Whenever they were exposed, they scuttled away like rats. It is almost as if this verse was referring to what happened recently. All glory belongs to God, the All-Knowing, the All-Aware. The verse adds other features of their mentality: "Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another." (Verse 14) This picture contrasts with that of the believers who are united by the bond of faith across all generations and whose brotherhood transcends barriers of time, place, race, country and tribe. The hypocrites and unbelievers conversely are in disarray "because they are people who will not use their reason." (Verse 14) Appearances may at times be deceptive so as to give us an impression that the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations stand in solid alliance, supporting one another. We may also see the hypocrites closing ranks in one group. However, we are told their true condition by God Himself who says that they are not truly so; it is all deception. This cover is lifted at times to reveal the truth of God's description, exposing conflicts within the same alliance, because those allies have different interests, preferences and directions. Never have the believers been true to their faith without seeing the opposite party revealing such differences and conflicts. The believers need only be determined, show perseverance in adversity, and they will inevitably see that the bonds uniting those followers of falsehood disappear to show their acute differences; this then leads them to scheme against each other. The Qur'an wants this fact to be firmly settled in believers' minds so that they know the truth about their enemies and do not stand in awe of them. It thus seeks to influence their feelings and morale on the basis of established fact. When Muslims take the Qur'an seriously, they think little of their enemies, who are God's own enemies. They stand united, in one line. When they do so, no worldly power can match them. Those who believe in God must know the truth about themselves and their enemies. This is half the battle. The Qur'an puts this truth to them in the context of an event that has already taken place, enlightening them about the true factors that were at play and explaining what it signified and the facts to which it pointed. This explanation was useful to those who witnessed that event as it unfolded. It should provide great enlightenment to future generations who should reflect on it and learn the truth from the One who knows all truth. |
Ibn Kathir (English)
Sayyid Qutb
Sha'rawi
Al Jalalain
الطبري - جامع البيان
ابن كثير - تفسير القرآن العظيم
القرطبي - الجامع لأحكام
البغوي - معالم التنزيل
ابن أبي حاتم الرازي - تفسير القرآن
ابن عاشور - التحرير والتنوير
ابن القيم - تفسير ابن قيّم
السيوطي - الدر المنثور
الشنقيطي - أضواء البيان
ابن الجوزي - زاد المسير
الآلوسي - روح المعاني
ابن عطية - المحرر الوجيز
الرازي - مفاتيح الغيب
أبو السعود - إرشاد العقل السليم
الزمخشري - الكشاف
البقاعي - نظم الدرر
الهداية إلى بلوغ النهاية — مكي ابن أبي طالب
القاسمي - محاسن التأويل
الماوردي - النكت والعيون
السعدي - تيسير الكريم الرحمن
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي - الجواهر الحسان
السمرقندي - بحر العلوم
أبو إسحاق الثعلبي - الكشف والبيان
الشوكاني - فتح القدير
النيسابوري - التفسير البسيط
أبو حيان - البحر المحيط
البيضاوي - أنوار التنزيل
النسفي - مدارك التنزيل
ابن جُزَيّ - التسهيل لعلوم التنزيل
علي الواحدي النيسابوري - الوجيز
السيوطي - تفسير الجلالين
المختصر في التفسير — مركز تفسير
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Overview (Verses 11 - 14) False Promises The surah now turns back to discuss the event itself, painting a picture of another group that played a role in it, the hypocrites: Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations, lf you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid? God bears witness that they are indeed liars. If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them. Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help. You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts a fear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding. They will never fight you even in a body except from within fortified strongholds or from behind walls. Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another, because they are people who will not use their reason. Like those who, a short while before them, had to taste the evil that came from their own doings. Painful suffering is in store for them. Like Satan, who says to man, 'Reject the faith!' Yet when man disbelieves, Satan says, 7 here and now disown you. I fear God, the Lord of all the worlds.' Both will end up in the fire, where they will abide. Such is the reward of the wrongdoers. (Verses 1 1 - 1 7) The surah reports on what the hypocrites said to the al-Nadir Jews, promising them support, but then letting them down and showing that they cared nothing for their own promises. Every sentence in these verses states a fact, touches hearts, stirs up feelings and establishes a principle of education, knowledge and unshakeable faith. The first of these establishes a bond of kinship between the hypocrites and the unbelievers from among the people of earlier revelations: "Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations..." (Verse 11) The ones to whom the surah refers as people of earlier revelations are unbelievers, and the hypocrites are their brethren, despite the fact that they claim to be Muslims. Then the surah gives a full and vivid picture of the hypocrites' promises and assurances to their brethren: " If you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid'?" (Verse 11) God, who knows what they truly are, states and confirms otherwise: "God bears witness that they are indeed liars. If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them. Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help." (Verses 11-12) Events confirmed that what God stated was true and what they promised their brethren was false. The surah then states a fact explaining what those people, hypocrites and unbelievers from among the people of earlier religions, truly felt: "You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts a fear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding." (Verse 13) They feared the believers more than they feared God. Had they truly feared God, they would not have feared anyone else. Only one type of fear can exist in a person's heart; fear of God can never exist side by side with fear of anyone else. All might belongs to God alone. All powers in the universe are subject to His will: "There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock." (11: 56) Why, then, would a God-fearing person feel afraid of anyone else? However, the people who do not understand this truth fear God's creatures more than they fear Him. This, "because they are devoid of understanding." (Verse 13) Thus the surah exposes the truth about those people, and adds another general truth. Now, the surah goes on to describe a condition particular to the two parties, the hypocrites and the unbelievers among the people of earlier religions. This condition arises from the fact that they fear the believers more than they fear God: "They will never fight you even in a body except from within fortified strongholds or from behind walls. Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another, because they are people who will not use their reason." (Verse 14) Time continues to reveal the absolute accuracy of this delineation of the true character of the hypocrites and the people of earlier revelations whenever and wherever they meet the believers in battle. Recent clashes in the Holy Land between volunteer believers and the Jews have confirmed the accuracy of this description. They would not fight the believers except in their own fortified settlements in Palestine.6Whenever they were exposed, they scuttled away like rats. It is almost as if this verse was referring to what happened recently. All glory belongs to God, the All-Knowing, the All-Aware. The verse adds other features of their mentality: "Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another." (Verse 14) This picture contrasts with that of the believers who are united by the bond of faith across all generations and whose brotherhood transcends barriers of time, place, race, country and tribe. The hypocrites and unbelievers conversely are in disarray "because they are people who will not use their reason." (Verse 14) Appearances may at times be deceptive so as to give us an impression that the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations stand in solid alliance, supporting one another. We may also see the hypocrites closing ranks in one group. However, we are told their true condition by God Himself who says that they are not truly so; it is all deception. This cover is lifted at times to reveal the truth of God's description, exposing conflicts within the same alliance, because those allies have different interests, preferences and directions. Never have the believers been true to their faith without seeing the opposite party revealing such differences and conflicts. The believers need only be determined, show perseverance in adversity, and they will inevitably see that the bonds uniting those followers of falsehood disappear to show their acute differences; this then leads them to scheme against each other. The Qur'an wants this fact to be firmly settled in believers' minds so that they know the truth about their enemies and do not stand in awe of them. It thus seeks to influence their feelings and morale on the basis of established fact. When Muslims take the Qur'an seriously, they think little of their enemies, who are God's own enemies. They stand united, in one line. When they do so, no worldly power can match them. Those who believe in God must know the truth about themselves and their enemies. This is half the battle. The Qur'an puts this truth to them in the context of an event that has already taken place, enlightening them about the true factors that were at play and explaining what it signified and the facts to which it pointed. This explanation was useful to those who witnessed that event as it unfolded. It should provide great enlightenment to future generations who should reflect on it and learn the truth from the One who knows all truth. |
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgpLD5a0Z1k&index=59&list=PLhM2xiAUdw2cAqW_o3zZkbhJNw0bnaBZN
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Mahmoud Khalil Al Hussary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwF5hWmSK-0&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfMFWX22VZWOKpzjr-vH_BM
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Muhammad Al Luhaydan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slWkuH0t0CQ&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfKAYuQLRNAZomoezhfhRZe
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Muhammad Minshawi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkjCaJOyZQU&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHdUcO_uc-8F8J2NUQRDZjPG
- Dr Israr Ahmed Tafsir Surah Al Hashr to Surah Al Jum'ah1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFoeJtrirq4&list=PLB4B8D1654A8BD263&index=101
- Surah Al Hashr to Surah Al Jum'ah1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFoeJtrirq4&list=PLB4B8D1654A8BD263&index=102
