Surah al-Furqan (The Criterion ) 25 : 59

Overview (Verses 55 - 59)

In League Against God

In this atmosphere of careful planning of creation, and in the light of life that is produced by rain water and human sperm, the very thought of worshipping anyone other than God is incompatible with nature, as also singular and absurd. Hence, the sūrah refers to the unbelievers’ worship and puts it in perspective: “Yet people worship, instead of God, things that can neither benefit nor harm them. An unbeliever always gives support against his Lord.” (Verse 55)

Every single unbeliever, including the idolaters who opposed Islam in Makkah, joins the fight against their Lord who has created them and given them shape and form. How can this be when the unbeliever is so insignificant as to stand in opposition to God? In fact unbelievers oppose God’s faith and the code of living He has laid down for human life. In order to show the enormity of their offence, the sūrah describes them as opponents of God, their Lord and Master.

When someone stands in opposition to God’s Messenger and his message, he is actually fighting against God. The Prophet need not worry about this person, because his opponent is God, who will certainly ensure that he cannot do the Prophet any harm.

God then reassures His Messenger, lightening his burden. He assures him that once he has discharged his duty, delivering his message, with what it brings to people of good news and warnings, striving hard against the unbelievers through the Qur’ān, then there is no reason for him to be troubled at the unbelievers’ stubborn rejection of his message. God will take over the fight against those who oppose him. All he needs to do is to place his trust in God and leave matters to Him.

We have sent you only as a herald of good news and a warner. Say: ‘No reward do I ask of you for this. All ask is that he who so wills may find a way leading to his Lord. Hence, place your trust in the Living One who does not die, and extol His limitless glory and praise. Sufficient is it that He is well aware of his servants’ sins. (Verses 56-58)

Thus the task of God’s Messenger is defined: it is to give happy news and issue a warning. At the time this sūrah was revealed, the Prophet was still in Makkah and had not yet received orders to take up arms against the idolaters to ensure the freedom of expression and advocacy of his message. That order was given to him later, after his immigration to Madīnah. There was certainly a definite purpose behind withholding such an order at the time, and this is best known to God Himself. However, we think that at the time the Prophet was still inculcating the new faith in the minds and hearts of his followers. He wanted it to sink deep so as to impart its distinctive character to them and for it to become manifest in their lives and actions. Thus, they would become the nucleus of the Muslim society which moulds itself on the basis of its Islamic faith. Moreover, the order to refrain from fighting during the Makkan period avoided bloody hostilities and vengeance killing which could have shut the door firmly between the Quraysh and Islam. God certainly knew that eventually they would all embrace Islam, with some of them doing so before the Prophet’s immigration to Madīnah and the rest after the Muslims’ re-entry into Makkah. They would form the solid base of the new faith.

Nevertheless, the core of the Islamic message remained the same in Madīnah: giving happy news and issuing serious warnings. Fighting was permitted only to remove physical barriers erected by the unbelievers to deprive God’s message of free expression, and to protect the believers against religious oppression. This means that the Qur’ānic statement was applicable both in Makkah and Madīnah: “We have sent you only as a herald of good news and a warner.” (Verse 56)

In Whom to Trust

“Say: ‘No reward do I ask of you for this. All I ask is that he who so wills may find a way leading to his Lord.’” (Verse 57) God’s Messenger does not entertain any thought of making any worldly gain or profit as a result of people’s acceptance of Islam. None will have to pay any fee or make any offering as he embraces the Islamic faith. All that he needs to do is to say certain words verbally, provided that he believes in them with his heart. This is the distinctive feature of Islam which has no room for any priesthood of any kind, which would charge fees for services rendered. There is no ‘joining fee’, and no price has to be paid to reveal a mystery or bestow a blessing or organize entry. Islam is free of all that may deter anyone from faith. It allows no room for anyone to stand as an intermediary between people and their Lord. God’s Messenger receives only one reward for all his troubles in advocating God’s faith, and this reward is nothing other than the fact that someone answers the divine call and receives God’s guidance: “that he who so wills may find a way leading to his Lord.” (Verse 57) Such are his only wages. When the Prophet sees someone accepting divine guidance and seeking to earn God’s pleasure, then his compassionate heart finds comfort, and his noble conscience is set at ease.

“Hence, place your trust in the Living One who does not die, and extol His limitless glory and praise.” (Verse 58) Everyone other than God is dead, because life comes to an end with death. The only one that remains is God, the Living One who does not die. If we rely on someone whose life comes to an end after a short or long time, then we are only putting our weight against a wall that will eventually collapse, or seeking shade that will inevitably fade away. To be truly assured one must rely only on the One who never dies, and place one’s trust solely in Him. “Extol His limitless glory and praise.” (Verse 58) The only one worthy of praise is God who grants all favours and blessings. Hence the Prophet is instructed to leave alone those unbelievers who heed no warning and care for no happy news. He should give them up to Him since He knows their sins. Nothing is hidden from Him: “Sufficient is it that He is well aware of his servants’ sins.” (Verse 58)

Within the same context of God’s limitless knowledge and His power to grant reward and inflict punishment, the sūrah mentions the facts that He is the One who has created the heavens and the earth, and established Himself on the Throne: He it is who has created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six days, and is established on the throne of His Almightiness, the Most Merciful. Ask, then, about Him, the One who knows everything. (Verse 59)

The days in which God created the heavens and the earth are certainly different from our earth days. For our days are only a product of the solar system, measuring a celestial cycle that came into existence after the creation of the heavens and the earth. Our days are equivalent to the time the earth rotates in its position relevant to the sun. Besides, creation does not require more than God should will something to exist. This is given the verbal symbol ‘Be’, and whatever is intended comes into existence. Perhaps these six days, whose measure is known only to God, refer to long stages that brought the heavens and the earth to their present status.

That God is ‘established on the throne’ refers to His being the Almighty who controls everything in the universe. The Arabic text uses the conjunctive word, thumma, which means ‘then’, after it mentions the creation of the heavens and the earth and before it refers to God being on the throne. However, this does not signify a chronological order. It only indicates the superiority of this lofty status.

Together with God’s greatness, control and might comes His all- encompassing mercy, and with it is joined His absolute knowledge: “The Most Merciful. Ask, then, about Him, the One who knows everything.” (Verse 59) Thus, when you put your request to God, you are putting it to the One whose knowledge includes everything anywhere in the universe.