Overview (Verses 1 - 6)

Reckoning Drawing Close
 
The sūrah is distinguished by a very powerful opening that shakes the careless who are preoccupied with the petty concerns of this world while the reckoning draws ever closer to them. Signs and indicators are given to them while they continue to turn their backs on divine guidance. The situation is grave, yet they remain totally unaware of its seriousness. Whenever they receive a new Qur’ānic warning, they respond with ridicule, persisting in their playful negligence. Their hearts can only attend to their own pleasure. It should be pointed out here that in Qur’ānic usage, the term, ‘heart’, is synonymous with mind as it refers to the faculty of contemplation, reflection and thought. “Closer to people draws their reckoning, yet they continue to blithely turn away. Whenever there comes to them any new reminder from their Lord, they listen to it but take it in jest; their hearts set on pleasure. Yet, concealing their inner thoughts, the wrongdoers say to one another: Is this man anything but a human being like yourselves? Will you, then, follow his sorcery with your eyes open?’” (Verses 1-3)
 
This is a picture of hearts that know no seriousness, jesting when the situation is most serious, and trifling with what is sacred. The reminder given to them here originates with ‘their Lord’, yet they are playful as they listen to it, showing no respect whatsoever. A soul that knows no seriousness, respect or sacredness ends up in a condition of barren triviality which makes it unsuitable for the fulfilment of any task of merit. Its life seems devoid of respect, cheap. A spirit which cares little or nothing for what is held as sacred is sick. Carelessness is the opposite of endurance. The latter is a serious effort indicating strength, while the former indicates insensitivity.
 
Such people responded inappropriately to Qur’ānic revelations that are meant to be a constitution regulating human life, and form a code for human dealings. They are hence warned of the imminent reckoning, but still they remain oblivious to it. Such people can be seen at all times. Whenever a person’s spirit is devoid of seriousness and respect, it ends up in such a sick state that it makes of life a matter of jest, lacking real purpose.
 
By contrast, the believers received this sūrah with a due seriousness that made them care little for this world. In his biographical notes on `Āmir ibn Rabī`ah, al- Āmidī says that he once received a bedouin guest and was typically very hospitable to him. Some time later, the Bedouin called on him after having acquired a plot of land. He said to him, ‘The Prophet has given me a valley in a nearby place of the Arab land. I would like to give you a piece of it to be yours to bequeath to your heirs.’ `Āmir said: “I have no need for your gift, because today a sūrah has been revealed which leaves us oblivious to all concerns of this life.
 
It is the sūrah that starts with, “Closer to people draws their reckoning, yet they continue to blithely turn away.’” This is the marked difference between a living heart which interacts with what it receives and a dead one which covers its lifelessness in a shroud of jest and play. The latter type does not respond to reminders because it is devoid of the elements of life.
 
“Yet, concealing their inner thoughts,” they plot among themselves and encourage one another in adopting an attitude that denies God’s message. In reference to God’s Messenger (peace be upon him), “the wrongdoers say to one another: ‘Is this man anything but a human being like yourselves? Will you, then, follow his sorcery with your eyes open?” (Verse 3)
 
Dead as their hearts were, they could not but be shaken by the Qur’ān. Hence they try to resist its influence with false excuses. They whisper to one another that Muhammad is a man, and wonder how they could believe a message preached by a human being like themselves. They allege that what he says is plain magic, and ask how they could surrender themselves to sorcery when they have eyes with which to look.
 
The Prophet is instructed to leave the whole matter between him and the unbelievers to God, making it clear that He knows what they secretly say among themselves. He also informs him of their scheming by which they tried to divert the effect of the Qur’ān on themselves and on other people.
 
“He says: My Lord knows whatever is spoken in heaven and earth. He is the One who hears all and knows all.” (Verse 4) Whatever people may say in private is known to God, because He knows everything that takes place in heaven and earth. When they conspire and scheme, He is fully aware of their scheming. Nothing escapes His knowledge. They were at a loss as to how they should describe the Qur’ān in order to neutralize its appeal. Hence they variously alleged that it was sorcery, a series of confused dreams related by Muhammad, poetry, or mere fabrication. The Qur’ān reported their claims as they uttered them. They say: “Nay, it is but a medley of dreams! – Nay, he has invented it himself – Nay, he is only a poet!” (Verse 5) They could not agree on any one view or description to explain the magnetism the Qur’ān had on people. None of their allegations or justifications had any value. Hence, they roamed from one claim to another, betraying their puzzlement. Feeling themselves at a terrible loss, they decided to get around the whole question by demanding a miracle similar to those given to some early prophets: “Let him, then, bring us some sign, as the prophets of old were sent with.” (Verse 5)
 
Miraculous signs and events were given in the past, but the communities to which they were shown did not believe as a result. Hence they were destroyed in accordance with God’s law which seals the fate of any community which continues to reject the truth after having been given a miraculous sign of it. “Not one of the communities whom We destroyed in bygone days would ever believe.” (Verse 6) When stubborn rejection of the truth reaches a point that it continues even after a tangible, physical, miraculous sign is given, then all excuses are invalid. People who continue with such rejection seal their own fate and they are destroyed as a result.
 
Miracles were given in plenty, but people still rejected the truth, and they were destroyed, one community after another. Is it likely then that those Arabs, similar as they were to earlier communities, would submit to miraculous evidence and accept the truth? “Will these, then, believe?” (Verse 6)