Man’s Fair Shape

The essential fact of the surah is embodied in the verses: “We indeed have created man in the finest form, then We brought him down to the lowest of the low, except for those who believe and do good deeds; for theirs shall be an unfailing recompense.” (Verses 4-6)

God has perfected all His creation; and the special emphasis laid here and elsewhere in the Qur’an on man’s being endowed with perfect form shows clearly that man has enjoyed extra divine care. Moreover, God’s care for man, despite his distortion of his upright nature and the corruption he indulges in, suggests that God has given him special rank and special weight in the universe. God’s care is most clearly apparent in the moulding of man’s highly complicated physical structure and his unique spiritual and mental make-up.

The emphasis here is on man’s spiritual qualities since these are the ones which drag man down to the most ignoble state when he deviates from his upright nature and turns away from belief in God. Needless to say, man’s physical structure does not sink to such a low level. Moreover, the superiority of man’s creation is most clearly apparent in his spiritual qualities. He is made in such a way as to be able to attain a sublime standard, superior to that of the highest ranking angels. This is illustrated in the story of the Prophet’s ascension to heaven. Then, Gabriel stopped at a certain level and Muhammad, human as he was, was elevated much higher.

At the same time, man is given the dubious ability to sink down to levels unreached by any other creature: “Then We brought him down to the lowest of the low.” (Verse 5) In this case, the animals are superior to him and more upright, since they do not violate their nature. They praise the Lord and fulfil their function on earth as they are guided to do. But man who has been given the fairest form and abilities denies his Lord and so sinks right down.

“We have created man in the finest form.” (Verse 4). This is a reference to his nature and abilities. “Then We brought him down to the lowest of the low.” (Verse 5) That is, when he forces his nature away from the line God has defined for him. Having laid down the way, God left man to choose whether to follow it or not.

“Except for those who believe and do good deeds.” (Verse 6) For these are the ones who stick to their upright nature, consolidate it with faith and righteous deeds, and who elevate it to the highest level it can attain in this world so they can finally attain a life of perfection in the world of perfection: “For theirs shall be an unfailing recompense.” (Verse 6) But those who cause their nature to sink to the lowest of the low go down along their slippery road until they reach the lowest level, that is, in hell where their humanity is shed and they are completely debased. Both ends are natural results of two widely different starts and lines of action.

Thus, the importance of faith in human life becomes clear. Faith is the elevating path through which upright human nature ascends to its ultimate perfection. It is the rope stretched between man and his Maker. It is the light showing him where to step along the elevating path. When the rope is cut and the light put out, the inevitable result is the fall down the steep path into the lowest of the low. The clay element in man’s make-up separates from the spiritual element and man, along with stones, becomes the fuel for hell-fire.

In light of this fact, the Prophet is addressed in this manner: “Who, then, can henceforth cause you to deny the Last Judgement? Is not God the most just of judges?” (Verses 7-8) What makes you, man, deny this religion after you have known this fact, realized the importance of faith in the life of humanity, and become aware of the destiny awaiting those who disbelieve? Why do you turn away from this light and refuse to follow the straight path laid down by God?

“Is-not God the most just of judges?” (Verse 8) Is not He the most just when He gives this ruling concerning the destiny of creation? Is not God’s wisdom clearest and most reassuring as He rules between believers and unbelievers? Justice is certainly clear and wisdom is manifest. Hence, we are taught in a hadith related by Abu Hurayrah that when one reads this surah one should answer the rhetorical question, “Is not God the most just of judges?” by saying: “Indeed, and I am a witness to that.”