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Explanatory Note
Many authentic reports explain that the throwing mentioned here refers to the handful of dust the Prophet threw in the direction of the unbelievers, saying “Ugly are those faces! Ugly are those faces!”‘ The dust hit the faces of those God had predetermined to be killed. But the Qur’ānic statement has a much wider import. It refers to God’s planning of the whole affair, beyond the actions of the Prophet and his Companions. This is the reason for following it with God’s words: “So that He might put the believers through a fair test of His own making.” This means that God guides the believers to prove themselves by going through the test with great determination, so that He grants them victory through it and gives them reward for it. This is the sort of abounding grace that God bestows on His servants.