Overview - Surah 59: al-Hashr (The Gathering )
The Surah talks about the banishment of Bani Nadhir and secret relations between them and the hypocrites of Madinah. It exhorts the Believers to be firm in their faith in Allah and gives some of the Beautiful Names of Allah.
Sections:
- The Banishment of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadhir. The distribution of the spoils.
- The false promises of the hypocrites.
- The exhortation of the Believers to faith. The Beautiful Names of Allah.
The Surah takes its name from the second Ayat, هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ "It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering....." [59:2]
There are 24 Ayat in this Surah.
Overview
| Total Ayat | 24 |
| Total Words * | 445 |
| Root Words * | 162 |
| Unique Root Words * | 0 |
| Makki / Madani | Madani |
| Chronological Order* | 101st (according to Ibn Abbas) |
| Year of Revelation* | 17th year of Prophethood (4th Year Hijri) |
| Events during/before this Surah*
, Battle of Uhud, Change of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Makkah - Battle of Badr, Migration from Makkah to Madinah - Building of Masjid Nabi in Madinah - Treaty with Jews of Madinah - Marriage of Prophet to Aishah, , 2nd Pledge of Aqabah, 1st Pledge of Aqabah, Death of Abu Talib - Death of Khadijah - Stoning at Ta'if - al-Isra wal Mi'raj - Night Journey, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 3, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 2, Boycott of Banu Hashim Yr 1, 2nd Migration to Abyssinia, Physical beating and torture of some Muslims - 1st Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia, Public Invitation to Islam - Persecution of Muslims; antagonism - ridicule - derision - accusation - abuse and false propaganda., Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam , Revelation begins - Private Invitation to Islam
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| Events during/after still to occur*
Battle of Ahzab - Expedition of Banu Quraydhah,Treaty of Hudaiybiyah - Letters to Kings and Rulers,,Conquest of Makkah - Battle of Hunain,Hajj led by Abu Bakr - Expedition of Tabuk,Farewell Hajj by Prophet - Death of Prophet - End of Divine Revelation
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| Names of Prophets Mentioned
No Prophets names are mentioned in this Surah
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| Surah Index
God (knows that beyond comprehension) , Booty, Booty (must not benefit those already rich) , Date palms, Hell, Hypocrites, Iblis, Jihad, Prayer (content) , Qur’an, Refugees, Resurrection (of soul)
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Theme 1: The power of Allah in aiding and assisting the Believers.
Theme 2: An appraisal of the battle against the Banu-Nadheer. In this, on the whole, four things have been discussed.
1. In the first four verses the world has been admonished to take heed of the fate that had just befallen the Banu-Nadheer. A major tribe which was as strong in numbers as the Muslims, whose people boasted of far more wealth and possession, who were by no means ill-equipped militarily and whose forts were well fortified could not stand siege even for a few days, and expressed their readiness to accept banishment from their centuries-old, well established settlement even though not a single man from among them was slain. God says that this happened not because of any power possessed by the Muslims but because the Jews had tried to resist and fight God and His Messenger, and those who dare to resist the power of God, always meet with the same fate.
2. In verse 5, the rule of the law of war that has been enunciated is: the destruction caused in the enemy territory for military purposes does not come under “spreading mischief in the earth.”
3. In v. 6-10 it has been stated how the lands and properties which come under the control of the Islamic State as a result of war or peace terms, are to be managed. As it was the first ever occasion that the Muslims took control of a conquered territory, the law concerning it was laid down for their guidance.
4. In v. 11-17 the attitude that the hypocrites had adopted on the occasion of the battle against the Banu-Nadheer has been reviewed and the causes underlying it have been pointed out.
5. The whole of the last section (v. 18-24) is an admonition for all those people who had professed to have affirmed the faith and joined the Muslim community, but were devoid of the true spirit of the faith. In it they have been told what is the real demand of the Faith, what is the real difference between piety and wickedness, what is the place and importance of the Qur’an which they professed to believe in, and what are the attributes of God in Whom they claimed to have believed.
- The Surah begins and ends with Tasbih [glorification of Allah]. Also both the first and last Ayat end with the two names of Allah Almighty, al-Azeez and al-Hakeem.
سَبَّحَ لِلَّـهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ " Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:1]
هُوَ اللَّـهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ "He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:24]
Manuscripts / Inscriptions
17th Century
17th Century
730 H (1330 CE)
730 H (1330 CE)
654–842 H (1256–1438 CE)
654–842 H (1256–1438 CE)
1632 CE
1490 CE
1490 CE
3rd /4th Century Hijrah
3rd /4th Century Hijrah
1st Century Hijrah (7th Century CE)
1st Century Hijrah (7th Century CE)
Narrated Ma'qil bin Yasar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَقَرَأَ ثَلاَثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ وَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مَاتَ شَهِيدًا وَمَنْ قَالَهَا حِينَ يُمْسِي كَانَ بِتِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ
"Whoever says three times when he gets up in the morning: 'A'udhu Billahis-Sami Al-'Alim Min Ash-Shaitanir-Rajim' and he recites three Ayat from the end of Surah Al-Hashr - Allah appoints seventy-thousand angels who say Salat upon him until the evening. If he dies on that day, he dies a martyr, and whoever reaches the evening, he holds the same status." Tirmidhee no. 2922
Hasan said, عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: «مَنْ قَرَأَ ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ فَمَاتَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ، طُبِعَ بِطَابَعِ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَإِنْ قَرَأَ إِذَا أَمْسَى فَمَاتَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ، طُبِعَ بِطَابَعِ الشُّهَدَاءِ Sunan Darimi 3421 [translation needed]
Total Word Count per Ayat (shows how many words per Ayat) = 0* | ||
Bukhari and Muslim contain a hadith from Sa’id bin Jubair to the effect “When I asked Abdullah bin Abbas about Surah Al-Hashr, he replied that it was sent down concerning the battle against the Banu-Nadheer just as Surah 8: al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) was sent down concerning the Battle of Badr. “As for the question as to when this battle took place, Imam Zuhri has stated on the authority of Urwah bin Zubair that it took place six months after the Battle of Badr. However, Ibn Sa’d, Ibn Hisham and Baladhuri regard it as an event of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 4 A.H.
- The Jewish tribe of Banu Al-Nadhir is given the order of exile for their mutiny against the Islamic State.
- Distribution of the belongings of Banu Al-Nadhir.
- Historical background of the Jews (See commentary in following pages).
- Good qualities of true immigrants and good qualities of true Ansar (the residents of Madinah).
- Hypocrites conspiracy with the people of the Book (Jews).
- The parable of a Shaitan vs. a disbeliever.
- Let each soul see what it is sending for the Hereafter.
- If the Qur'an was sent down upon a mountain it would have crumbled into pieces from the fear of Allah's disobedience.
- Fifteen attributes of Allah in three verses: the God, the Knower of the Seen and the Unseen, the Compassionate, the Merciful, the King, the Holy, the Giver of peace, the Grantor of security, the Guardian,, the Almighty, the Irresistible, the Supreme and the Creator.
Tafsir Zone
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Overview (Verses 1 - 5) God's Direct Action Everything in the heavens and everything on earth extols God's limitless glory. He is the Almighty the Wise. (Verse 1) This opening verse states a truth that takes place in the universe, where everything in the heavens and earth extols God's glory and praises Him alone. This is how the surah that relates the events leading to the evacuation of the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations and giving their land as a free gain to the believers who extol His glory and praise Him with His attributes begins. It is He who is the Almighty, able to give victory to those who believe in Him and destroy His enemies, the Wise who plans everything in accordance with a definite purpose. The surah then gives us an account of the events leading to its revelation: It is He who drove the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes at the first gathering. You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God. God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts. Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers. Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight. Had it not been for God's having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world. In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire because they have defied God and His Messenger. Whoever defies God — well, God is severe in retribution. (Verses 2-4) From these verses we learn that it was God who drove those unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes, which is described here as the first gathering. God is indeed the doer of whatever takes place, but the way the statement is phrased lays direct emphasis on this fact, implying that God undertook to drive them out, without putting it under the cover of human action. It was He who drove them to the land from where they will be gathered, which means that they could not return to the land from which they were evacuated. God's direct action is further emphasized in the following sentences in the verse: "You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God." (Verse 2) You did not expect them to leave, and they could not have imagined that this would happen to them. Within their fortifications, so they believed, they were just too strong to be driven out. They felt themselves secure, forgetting God's power that cannot be stopped by mere fortifications. "God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts." (Verse 2) He came upon them from within themselves, not from within their fortifications. He struck fear in their hearts, and so they opened the gates to their fortifications with their own hands. He showed them that they were not in possession of their own souls, and could not control their hearts. They could not defy God with their willpower, let alone with buildings and forts. They reckoned with every possibility except that they would be attacked from within themselves. Thus is the case when God wills something to happen. He approaches it as He knows best and from where He can; He certainly knows everything and is able to accomplish what He wants. There is no need, then, for the means people resort to. Instead, the means for Him are always there, ready to use. All means and causes are of His own making; none is difficult for Him to employ. He is indeed the Almighty, the Wise. Those unbelievers from among the people of earlier revelations sought to shield themselves from attack by staying within their fortifications, but God came upon them from where they least expected, scaring them to the bone. They thought they had protection within their homes, but God made them destroy their own homes themselves and He allowed the believers to partake in this destruction: "Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers." (Verse 2) Thus the account of what happened to those people is complete, portrayed in a telling image. Here the surah adds the first comment: "Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight." (Verse 2) This instruction comes at the right moment, when minds are ready to receive a lesson and learn from it. The next verse establishes that since God willed to take them to task for their treachery, they could not escape some form of punishment in this life, in addition to what awaits them in the life to come: "Had it not been for God's having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world. In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire." (Verse 3) That they would be made to suffer in this life, in some form or another, was a foregone conclusion. Had God not chosen their evacuation, He would have punished them in some other way, and whatever punishment they would have suffered in this life was in addition to what they will receive in the hereafter. Thus, as we look at what happened to those unbelievers of the people of earlier religions, we understand the fate that is bound to overtake those who defy God at any time and place. We should not fail to notice that the surah repeatedly refers to them as unbelievers from among the people of earlier revelations'. This is certainly true because they disbelieved in the divine faith in its final and complete form revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those Jews were expecting his message. Moreover, referring to them in this way explains why they were punished. It also reassures the believers of the correctness of what they did to them. The suirah then reassures the believers that all that they did to those who defied God and His Messenger, such as cutting and burning their palm trees, was right. It thus gives God's verdict on it, particularly because some Muslims were rather unsure about their actions: Whatever of their palm trees you [believers] may have cut down or left standing on their roots, it was done by God's leave, so that He might disgrace the transgressors. (Verse 5) Prior to this event and subsequently, the Muslims were and are not permitted to cause such destruction. This case, then, provided an exception, and it needed explanation and reassurance. It is thus explained in this verse that both what they did or did not do in respect of the palm trees was by God's permission. It is He who handled this encounter, putting His will into effect. All that happened was by His leave, for the purpose of bringing disgrace upon the transgressors. Cutting their trees caused the al-Nadir grief, while leaving some standing similarly grieved them because they had to leave these behind. |
Ibn Kathir (English)
Sayyid Qutb
Sha'rawi
Al Jalalain
Mawdudi
الطبري - جامع البيان
ابن كثير - تفسير القرآن العظيم
القرطبي - الجامع لأحكام
البغوي - معالم التنزيل
ابن أبي حاتم الرازي - تفسير القرآن
ابن عاشور - التحرير والتنوير
ابن القيم - تفسير ابن قيّم
السيوطي - الدر المنثور
الشنقيطي - أضواء البيان
ابن الجوزي - زاد المسير
الآلوسي - روح المعاني
ابن عطية - المحرر الوجيز
الرازي - مفاتيح الغيب
أبو السعود - إرشاد العقل السليم
الزمخشري - الكشاف
البقاعي - نظم الدرر
الهداية إلى بلوغ النهاية — مكي ابن أبي طالب
القاسمي - محاسن التأويل
الماوردي - النكت والعيون
السعدي - تيسير الكريم الرحمن
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي - الجواهر الحسان
السمرقندي - بحر العلوم
أبو إسحاق الثعلبي - الكشف والبيان
الشوكاني - فتح القدير
النيسابوري - التفسير البسيط
أبو حيان - البحر المحيط
البيضاوي - أنوار التنزيل
النسفي - مدارك التنزيل
ابن جُزَيّ - التسهيل لعلوم التنزيل
علي الواحدي النيسابوري - الوجيز
السيوطي - تفسير الجلالين
المختصر في التفسير — مركز تفسير
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Overview (Verses 1 - 5) God's Direct Action Everything in the heavens and everything on earth extols God's limitless glory. He is the Almighty the Wise. (Verse 1) This opening verse states a truth that takes place in the universe, where everything in the heavens and earth extols God's glory and praises Him alone. This is how the surah that relates the events leading to the evacuation of the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations and giving their land as a free gain to the believers who extol His glory and praise Him with His attributes begins. It is He who is the Almighty, able to give victory to those who believe in Him and destroy His enemies, the Wise who plans everything in accordance with a definite purpose. The surah then gives us an account of the events leading to its revelation: It is He who drove the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes at the first gathering. You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God. God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts. Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers. Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight. Had it not been for God's having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world. In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire because they have defied God and His Messenger. Whoever defies God — well, God is severe in retribution. (Verses 2-4) From these verses we learn that it was God who drove those unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes, which is described here as the first gathering. God is indeed the doer of whatever takes place, but the way the statement is phrased lays direct emphasis on this fact, implying that God undertook to drive them out, without putting it under the cover of human action. It was He who drove them to the land from where they will be gathered, which means that they could not return to the land from which they were evacuated. God's direct action is further emphasized in the following sentences in the verse: "You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God." (Verse 2) You did not expect them to leave, and they could not have imagined that this would happen to them. Within their fortifications, so they believed, they were just too strong to be driven out. They felt themselves secure, forgetting God's power that cannot be stopped by mere fortifications. "God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts." (Verse 2) He came upon them from within themselves, not from within their fortifications. He struck fear in their hearts, and so they opened the gates to their fortifications with their own hands. He showed them that they were not in possession of their own souls, and could not control their hearts. They could not defy God with their willpower, let alone with buildings and forts. They reckoned with every possibility except that they would be attacked from within themselves. Thus is the case when God wills something to happen. He approaches it as He knows best and from where He can; He certainly knows everything and is able to accomplish what He wants. There is no need, then, for the means people resort to. Instead, the means for Him are always there, ready to use. All means and causes are of His own making; none is difficult for Him to employ. He is indeed the Almighty, the Wise. Those unbelievers from among the people of earlier revelations sought to shield themselves from attack by staying within their fortifications, but God came upon them from where they least expected, scaring them to the bone. They thought they had protection within their homes, but God made them destroy their own homes themselves and He allowed the believers to partake in this destruction: "Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers." (Verse 2) Thus the account of what happened to those people is complete, portrayed in a telling image. Here the surah adds the first comment: "Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight." (Verse 2) This instruction comes at the right moment, when minds are ready to receive a lesson and learn from it. The next verse establishes that since God willed to take them to task for their treachery, they could not escape some form of punishment in this life, in addition to what awaits them in the life to come: "Had it not been for God's having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world. In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire." (Verse 3) That they would be made to suffer in this life, in some form or another, was a foregone conclusion. Had God not chosen their evacuation, He would have punished them in some other way, and whatever punishment they would have suffered in this life was in addition to what they will receive in the hereafter. Thus, as we look at what happened to those unbelievers of the people of earlier religions, we understand the fate that is bound to overtake those who defy God at any time and place. We should not fail to notice that the surah repeatedly refers to them as unbelievers from among the people of earlier revelations'. This is certainly true because they disbelieved in the divine faith in its final and complete form revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those Jews were expecting his message. Moreover, referring to them in this way explains why they were punished. It also reassures the believers of the correctness of what they did to them. The suirah then reassures the believers that all that they did to those who defied God and His Messenger, such as cutting and burning their palm trees, was right. It thus gives God's verdict on it, particularly because some Muslims were rather unsure about their actions: Whatever of their palm trees you [believers] may have cut down or left standing on their roots, it was done by God's leave, so that He might disgrace the transgressors. (Verse 5) Prior to this event and subsequently, the Muslims were and are not permitted to cause such destruction. This case, then, provided an exception, and it needed explanation and reassurance. It is thus explained in this verse that both what they did or did not do in respect of the palm trees was by God's permission. It is He who handled this encounter, putting His will into effect. All that happened was by His leave, for the purpose of bringing disgrace upon the transgressors. Cutting their trees caused the al-Nadir grief, while leaving some standing similarly grieved them because they had to leave these behind. |
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgpLD5a0Z1k&index=59&list=PLhM2xiAUdw2cAqW_o3zZkbhJNw0bnaBZN
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Mahmoud Khalil Al Hussary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwF5hWmSK-0&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfMFWX22VZWOKpzjr-vH_BM
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Muhammad Al Luhaydan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slWkuH0t0CQ&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHfKAYuQLRNAZomoezhfhRZe
- Surah 59. Al-Hashr Muhammad Minshawi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkjCaJOyZQU&index=59&list=PLxpAkjlGauHdUcO_uc-8F8J2NUQRDZjPG
- Dr Israr Ahmed Tafsir Surah Al Hashr to Surah Al Jum'ah1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFoeJtrirq4&list=PLB4B8D1654A8BD263&index=101
- Surah Al Hashr to Surah Al Jum'ah1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFoeJtrirq4&list=PLB4B8D1654A8BD263&index=102
