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Explantory Note
The surah describes at length this creature and what God has given him of favours, before it mentions his headstrong rejection of the truth. God created him alone, deprived of everything, naked. Then He gave him plentiful wealth, and able sons who attend to his needs and give him authority and protection. He facilitated life for him.
There are several reports suggesting that the person so referred to is al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah. Ikrirnah reports: "Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah met the Prophet who read to him a passage of the Qur'an. It appeared as though al-Walid softened a bit. Abu Jahl heard of this, so he went to al-Walid and said to him: 'Uncle! Your people are raising some money for you.' He asked for what reason. Abu Jahl answered: 'They want to give it to you, because you went to Muhammad to see what you might gain from him.' [Abu. Jahl was thus playing on a most sensitive point, trying to arouse al-Walid's pride.] Al-Walid said: 'The Quraysh know that I am the richest among them.' Abu Jahl said: 'Then say about him something to make clear to your people that you are opposed to what he says.' Al-Walid said: 'What shall I say. None of you has better knowledge of poetry than me. I know all about poetry including the poetry of the jinn. What Muhammad says is nothing like that. What he says is indeed sweet; it towers over all speech; it rises high and nothing can top it.' Abu Jahl said: 'Your people will not be satisfied unless you say something negative about him.' Al-Walid said: 'Then give me time to think.' When he thought it over, he said of the Qur'an: 'This is sorcery taken from olden times.' The above passage was then revealed in reference to him.